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1. . Eat spicy things, I feel we should be hot die, go out into the mouth and put a pinch of salt, containing about, spit, rinse under the mouth, not hot up;. .

2. Yellow teeth, you can put peanut chew-taste in the mouth and teeth three minutes and very effective.

3. . If a small area of skin injury or burn, burn, cast a little toothpaste, can immediately stop the bleeding pain;. .

4. Often put Tea Cup leave ugly tea stains, use toothpaste, washing; very clean.

5. . Hyperextension point of eye drops slightly when the mouth, so that chaos will not blink an eye;. .

6. Mouth ulceration, stick with vitamin c, and so it ulcer melted after ulcer base just fine;.

7. . Eyes into small dust, close your eyes and cough hard a few, the dust will come out himself;. .

8. After washing your face, fingers with some fine salt at the apex of the sides gently massage and then rinse, Ibis, and acne will clean, smaller pores;.

9. . Just been completed when the mosquito bites, coated with soap will not itch;. .

10. If you have a sore throat, gingival inflammation, and in the evening the watermelon, from salt to eat, remember that must be in the evening, when the symptoms are reduced, the second day was healed;.

11. . Hair dryer blowing against labels, such as blowing hot glue marks, you can easily tear off the label;. .

12. Travel with clothes if you afraid of pressure from the folds, you can put everything rolls;..

13. . Hiccups when playing drink vinegar, immediate impact;. .

14. Ate smell something, such as garlic, stinky tofu, eat a few peanuts just fine;.

15. . Treatment of cough, especially a dry cough, night before, the Hong pure sesame fried eggs, oil up slightly more, have not put any seasoning, hot eaten went to bed, ate a few days results are obvious;. .

16. Wrist long thick MM wants to bring smaller bracelet, you may not be able to take, should handle hard on a plastic bag before bring bracelet, a very good band, nor will it handle the pain, take down the same way;.

17. . Chestnuts difficult to peel skin, first shell off, and then turn it into microwave oven about, come up with a twist after the hot, skin on the lost;. .

18. Flower arranging, in the water drops on a drop of detergent, you can maintain several days;.

19. . The walnuts into the pan steamed 10 minutes, remove and then broke down on the cool water, you can remove the complete TAO Yan a;. .

20. The shrimp into the bowl, add a little salt, food, soda powder rubbed with hand soak after a while, and then rinse to fried shrimp with transparent of the Crystal, tender and tasty; cool.

21. . Pork, the meat first ten minutes with baking soda water soaked, drained of water, then flavored fried out will be very tender and smooth;. .

22. A tea immersed in a few days later, pour over the plants roots to promote plant growth;.

23. . The residual tea leaves to dry, put it in the toilet or drain fuel smoke, eliminate odor, get rid of mosquitoes, flies with the function;. .

24. Starting from: jiasheng meal to meal available chopsticks inside something through the holes in the bottom of the pot, sprinkle a little wine braised, again.

25. . If only the surface of half-cooked, as long as the surface of stew and then you can turn to the middle;. .

26. Specially in addition to the window screen rich: washing, smoking a cigarette is left in the water until dissolved, to clean the glass window, window screen, the effect is so good;.

27. . As long as the jewelry box put a small chalk, you can make jewelry and preserve their luster;. .

28. Table, bottle surface adhesive traces with essential balm can wipe;.

29. . When we go out at any time in the bag with a small battery, if the skirt with static electricity, put the battery's positive in a few rubbed skirt can be removed above the static;. .

30. No matter where wear shoes to your feet, you'll be in the shoes of coloured feet a little white wine, the guarantee will not have foot;.

31. . Heng stressed vegetables, if you have to Desmond, Desmond dishes make the best use of water is best. Such as making dumplings in the dish, Cheuk good amount of water can put meat in, then it will ensure that nutrition, but also to make delicious soup dumplings stuffing;. .

32. Summer sweat, every foot is easy to use light brine feet can respond effectively to the Khan;.

33. . Summer sun after swimming may prevent skin disorders and other diseases;. .

34. Summer breeding mildew moisture prone pillow, pillow healthy frequently; exposure.

35. . Eat barley and other small Douyu wet and spleen, can be sunstroke wet;. .

36. Anti-insomnia: bedtime less about too many things, jiyin flavored tea, before going to sleep the brain not to big, free hot water and vinegar foot;.

37. . Honeysuckle have evacuated rheumatic efficacy, honeysuckle and honey after decoction cool reconstituted juice can dispel summer heat;. .

38. Eating too much fatty food after tea, can stimulate, promote self-discipline nerve; fat metabolism.

39. . Lack of sleep make you stupid, need to sleep eight hours a day, can delay aging siesta habit;. .

40. Too dry and rough hands and volatile, the hand with vinegar to skin care; in ten minutes.

41. . Wiping mat in summer, dropping the toilet water with clean water clean mat, mat can maintain a clean and fresh. Of course, wipe down the mat when the best lines were to toilet water to infiltrate the lines of summer sleeping mat gap, so cool and comfortable feel will be more durable;. .

42. Breakfast much eating tomatoes, citric acid and other acidic vegetables and fruit, good for nourishing the liver;.

43. . Chill itching: shampoo or bath, add 56 drops in water, toilet water, can play a very good cool sterilization, removal of Rush antipruritic effect;. .

44. Grapes sleep hormone, it helps to sleep.

45. . Summer drink tomato soup can get nourishment, but also to add water, tomato soup should be burned and cooled before drinking, contains Lycopene, the anti-prostate cancer and the efficacy of myocardial protection, the most suitable for men;. .

46. Eating acidic materials immediately your teeth would be detrimental to the dental health;.

47. . Because of injury misfortune to scratch the skin, the colored toothpaste in wound inflammation, bleeding, and then dressing as a temporary emergency medicine to the most significant effect of drug toothpaste;. .

48. The white vinegar spray on the cutting board, half hour after washing, disinfection, removing bad smells;.

49. . Suannai to sober up after the upset, yogurt can protect the gastric mucosa, slow alcohol absorption, and calcium-rich drink to alleviate irritability particularly effective;. .

50. Leather wrapper on long musty, free soft cloth moistened with alcohol and water (1: 1); polished solution.

51. . Headache, dizziness, the toothpaste can be painted in the temple, because the toothpaste contains menthol, clove oil can be pain;. .

52. Candle frozen twenty-four hours later, then plug it to the birthday cake, light the candle will not be shed; oil.

53. . Yellowing white underwear after washing, it is desirable basin of water, drop the 23 drops of blue ink, will be washed underwear soaked in a quarter of an hour, do not wring dry, was placed under the sun, you can clean and white; . .

54. Excessive consumption of oral hygiene bulb will stimulate the stomach, adverse health, it is best to add a little vinegar and then eaten.

55. . In time to add water but should not drink fruit juice, cola, Sprite, soda and other beverages containing more saccharin and electrolyte, drink the adverse gastrointestinal stimulation will affect the digestion and appetite. So the summer should drink boiled water or light salt (sugar) water;. .

56. Every morning the friction with tofu, adhere to the face a few minutes a month, the face becomes moist;.

57. . Indoor air temperature should not exceed five degrees, even if the weather and then heat, not air-conditioned room temperature to 24 degrees below;. .

58. Plus enzyme detergent additives in lukewarm water in the decomposition time to make laundry better;.

59. . Summer, people's time, longer, more sweating, excessive energy consumption, should be more appropriate to eat chicken, duck, lean meat, fish, eggs and other nutritious food to meet the body's metabolic needs;. .

60. Headache when Apple made muddy the gauze, the headache, the symptoms can be reduced.

61. . Purses are stained, you can wipe with cotton dipped in essential balm. .

Today a wisdom tooth pulled. This is awful. Start extraction of doctors is a lesbian, she says she can't, to Director. Officer may also not sure how it happened, I promise. Provisional draft of, say, Oh my God.


As agreed, can only bite the bullet on. A result, he pulled 2 hours, tired out. Where I lay, also dead tired. .


The teeth are knocked into smaller jobs and, in the middle and turn go beat drugged, anyway, I do not know the pain, mental thinking now come out.


Finally wash the wound was linked to the antibiotic, the results at a dull pain or swelling. Begin at 8 am to 8 pm, and I do not eat it. .


This time, pulled right there on the left side of the teeth. With this painful experience, the next tooth can summon up the courage to remove it.

Abstract: The smooth evolution from CDMA network paper introduces CDMA2000 1x network in 1x EV-DO network to the evolution of the authentication program, and analyzes the changes in the network authentication program building to some extent. .

Keyword: authentication, CAVE algorithm, the MD5 algorithm.

I. Introduction. .

A security issue has been plagued wireless communication system with a big problem. Network security is mainly divided into access authentication and encryption of two parts: access authentication is to guarantee the legality of user identity, encryption is designed to address the communication content security issues. Access authentication is divided into user authentication and session authentication. User authentication is initially set up the session, the examination of the legality of the Terminal users; session authentication is during a session, the Terminal from static to activate State or switching of authentication. . cdma2000 1x Evolution to 3G when there are two different technical routes, one is a 1x EV-DO, the other is 1x EV-DV. 1x EV-DO in the air with a completely different way of cdma2000 1x for authentication, the access authentication key used is based on MD5 (Message Digest 5) algorithm for CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) authentication.。 In the early 1xEV-DO network building this business model will affect the user's normal use.

Second, CDMA2000 1x network access authentication. .

Cdma2000 1x authentication scheme follows the 2 g network authentication, i.e. only the access Terminal for authentication, and the Terminal and no network authentication. Cdma2000 1x authentication involves a shared secret key shared secret data A-Key, SSD, SSD and network-to-end authentication process. In the end user to access some important data when it is needed a pre-existing terminal (UIM card) and network authentication Center (AC), these data including key A-Key, Terminal of IMSI, ESN (UIM ID), authentication algorithm, etc..

1. . Authentication key A-Key. .

The key is the only terminal A-Key (UIM card) and network side AC shared key, the other entity has the right to know A-Key value. A-Key length is the value of the 64bits, A-Key is determined by the operator to determine the value of the A-Key is written after the General will no longer be changed. Because A-Key is the basis for other secret data, so the security A-Key is very important.

2. . Shared secret data SSD. .

The shared secret data value of the SSD is 128bits, it consists of a Terminal (UIM card) and AC shares. SSD is network-to-end encryption for authentication as well as the information in the process of critical data.

SSD can not be in the air interface transmission, SSD generation or update process is initiated by the AC in terminal and AC use the same algorithm to complete, the update process can be carried out in the control channel can also be carried out in the business channel. SSD is divided into SSD-A and SSD-B of two parts, each 64bits. SSD-A for authentication, SSD-B for encryption. Figure 1 describes the new generation of SSD SSD and validate the new process. .

。.


Figure 1 SSD generation and verification process. .

3. CHV the basic algorithm CAVE.

CAVE algorithm for the 2G security basic algorithm, the shared secret data update, the validation process, the authentication process will be used to the CAVE algorithm. According to the different CAVE algorithm input parameters and output results of different initialization parameters, which can be applied to the cdma2000 security in every aspect. The main applications include a SSD update process and the end of the authentication process. CAVE algorithm previously described for the SSD update process, the following description of the terminal authentication process of authentication algorithm. .


Figure 2-to-end certification process.

Figure 2 describes the CAVE algorithm using the user authentication process. AC terminal and SSD respectively CAVE algorithm with the other parameters, the terminal will generate the value of the CAVE algorithm is transmitted to the AC, AC implementation of this value with its CAVE algorithm to calculate the value of the comparison, if equal, authentication success. .

III. 1x EV-DO network access authentication.

1x EV-DO network using MD5 algorithm based on CHAP authentication. 1x EV-DO network has added a new authentication device AN-AAA, to support the new authentication algorithm. Access Authentication consists of two parts: AN-AAA and between AN (A12 interface) authentication, as well as between the IP layer to the PDSN authentication, CHAP authentication protocol is used in the agreement. 1x EV-DO network and the 1x network using different access authentication programs, new equipment, network protocols and algorithms will bring about great change.。 Therefore, considering the user habits, 1x EV-DO network at an early stage the need to support CDMA2000 1x users normally use, in particular, to support users on the replacement of Terminal without changing the card can use the new network.

1. . The new authentication strategy. .

According to the status of network devices, if the original cdma 2000 1x network authentication, 1x EV-DO will completely update the network structure, will bring to the network now. Moreover, this solution also need Terminal and UIM card upgrades, defeat the purpose. Therefore, a feasible solution is a new network on a network device for smaller changes the authentication feature, 1x implements new and old users of common access.

For EV-DO UIM card (new card) and 1X UIM card (old card) while the network usage, network authentication requires a different strategy. UIM card and the old and new combinations of different terminals in 1 x EV-DO network in the authentication case shown in Table 1. .


As can be seen from table 1, in the future 1x EV-DO mixed networks, terminals and the card can be any combination of smooth access to the network. . .

2. The impact of the network.

After determining the above-mentioned authentication program, also need to consider such options on the original EV-DO network. From the above authentication scheme can be seen, if the transformation of the 1x network to support both authentication program, need to add new equipment and signaling changes in the network too; but from the original EV-DO network Starting in the EV-DO network supports two kinds of programs will change will minimize.。 AN-AAA in achieving CAVE algorithm requires important parameters A-Key, SSD, etc., are all you need to save them from the network parameters of the device gets the HLR/AC, so that when the CHV AN-AAA CAVE has some of the features, VLR 1x UIM card user can successfully access authentication through the CAVE to EV-DO network way, while the new EV-DO UIM card user still uses the MD5 authentication mode EV-DO access.

3. . Equipment requirements. .

Once the analysis of the text, which can be seen in EV-DO network supports two authentication modes, the main requirements of the device is in the implementation of an authentication of a network device AN-AAA, HLR/AC, and terminal equipment, the introduction of such programmes on the original network impact is very small, only need to do software upgrades and changes. AN-AAA first needs to be able to distinguish between user type, the discriminant is 1x user or users, depending on user EV-DO types using different authentication policy. . Meanwhile, 1x EV-DO terminals to be able to support 1x UIM card and EV-DO UIM card, to ensure that no matter what kind of card is inserted 1x EV-DO terminals, terminals and cards were able to perform the appropriate action. .

IV. concluding remarks.

CDMA2000 1x Network 1x EV-DO in the evolution of the original 1x UIM card users do not need to replace the case can successfully access to the new network, did a great convenience for users. However, due to the existence of hidden security mechanism 2G, EV-DO network in the medium and long term safety of use of 2G network algorithm will undoubtedly affect the safety of operators to deploy 3G network, eventually to achieve complete security upgrades. .

Triazolam episodes directory http://www .mushroomvillage. .com/smurfs-tv. .html.


In the first quarter. .


001. .The Astrosmurf (1981) [1x01] Chapter 04-set mengmeng of astronauts.


002. . Jokey's Medicine (1981) [1x02] Article 03 sets B Lele medicine. .


003. .Vanity Fare (1981) [1x03] No. 02-set A Lanmeimei.


004. . St. . Smurf And The Dragon (1981) [1x04] the first 05 set of blue dragon fight the wizard. .


005. .The Magical Meanie (1981) [1x05] 20 zoom mixture.


006. . Sorcerer Smurf (1981) [1x06] the first 06 set of Blue Magic. .


007. .Bewitched, Bothered, And Besmurfed (1981) [1x07] No. 08 sets a Chinese airline company witch necklace heart.


008. . King Smurf (1981) [1x08] Article 03 sets A wizard king. .


009. .The Smurfs And The Howlibird (1981) [1x09] No. 07-set blue fairies and number of birds.


010. . Soup A La Smurf (1981) [1x10] 10 set triazolam soup. .


011。.All That Glitters Isn't Smurf [1x11] (1981) 。.


012. . Dreamy's Nightmare (1981) [1x12] Article 09 sets Renee B's nightmare. .


013. .Romeo And Smurfette (1981) [1x13] article 12 sets the spring gift.


014. . The Magic Egg (1981) [1x14] 14 set magic egg. .


015。.Smurphony In 'C' (1981) [1x15]。.


016. . Sideshow Smurf (1981) [1x16] 19 set of juggling triazolam. .


017。.Supersmurf (1981) [1x17]。.


018. . Paradise Smurfed (1981) [1x18] 25 set lazy lazy paradise dream. .


019. .Sir Hefty (1981) [1x19] 17 set jianjian Knight.


020. . The Baby Smurf (1981) [1x20]. .


021. .The Fake Smurf (1981) [1x21] article 16 sets off of Triazolam.


022. . Painter And Poet (1981) [1x22] 21 Collection of Poems poetry and painting. .


023. .Haunted Smurf (1981) [1x23] pond Purple Fairy.


024. . The Purple Smurfs (1981) [1x24]. .


025. .The Fountain Of Smurf (1981) [1x25] 26 sets youth springs.


026. . The Magnifying Mixture (1981) [1x26]. .


027。.Foul Weather Smurf (1981) [1x27]。.


028. . The Hundredth Smurf (1981) [1x28] Episode 13 hundredth triazolam. .


029。.The Adominable Snowbeast (1981) [1x29]。.


030. . Gargamel The Generous (1981) [1x30] 23 set kind of Princess Witch. .


031。.The Smurfette (1981) 。.


032. . Now You Smurf 'Em, Now You Don't (1981). .


033. .Spelunking Smurfs (1981), 22 sets of Triazolam bucket drought.


034. . The Smurf's Apprentice (1981) No. 01 Set A stupid apprenticeship. .


035. .Smurf-Colored Glasses (1981), A colored glasses 09 set.


036. . The Clockwork Smurf (1981) 24 sets Machine triazolam. .


037. .Fuzzle Trouble (1981), 11 set fluffy cat.


038. . Smurfette's Dancing Shoes (1981) 15 set blue sister's shoes. .


039。.The Smurfs And The Money Tree (1981) 。.


040. . The Smurfs' Springtime Special (1982) 27 sets of spring resurrection. .


In the second quarter.


041. . The Smurf Who Couldn't Say No (1982). .


042。.The Adventures Of Robin Smurf (1982) 。.


043. . The Cursed Country (1982). .


044。.S-Shivering S-Smurfs (1982) 。.


045. . Sister Smurf (1982). .


046。.The Black Hellebore (1982) 。.


047. . Revenge Of The Smurfs (1982). .


048。.The Three Smurfketeers (1982) 。.


049. . Heavenly Smurfs (1982). .


050。.It Came From Outer Smurf (1982) 。.


051. . The Sorcery Of Maltrochu (1982). .


052。.Squeaky (1982) 。.


053. . The Kaplowey Scroll (1982). .


054。.The Goblin Of Boulder Wood (1982) 。.


055. . Gormandizing Greedy (1982). .


056。.Waste Not, Smurf Not (1982) 。.


057. . Johan's Army (1982). .


058。.The Lost City Of Yore (1982) 。.


059. . The Magic Fountain (1982). .


060。.The Impostor King (1982) 。.


061. . For The Love Of Gargamel (1982). .


062。.The A-Maze-Ing Smurfs (1982)。.


063. . The Haunted Castle (1982). .


064。.Smurfs At Sea (1982) 。.


065. . One Good Smurf Deserves Another (1982). .


066。.The Blue Plague (1982) 。.


067. . The Last Laugh (1982). .


068。.The Raven Wizard (1982) 。.


069. . The Ring Of Castellac (1982). .


070。.The Sky Is Smurfing, The Sky Is Smurfing (1982) 。.


071. . Turncoat Smurf (1982). .


072。.The Return Of Clockwork Smurf (1982) 。.


073. . The Littlest Giant (1982). .


074。.Bubble Bubble, Smurf In Trouble (1982) 。.


075. . Smurf Van Winkle (1982). .


076。.The Prince And The Peewit (1982) 。.


077. . The Enchanted Baby (1982). .


078。.Clumsy Smurfs The Future (1982) 。.


079. . Sleepwalking Smurfs (1982). .


080。.Smurf Me No Flowers (1982) 。.


081. . The Good, The Bad And The Smurfy (1982) 28 set good, bad and midazolam. .


082。.A Mere Truffle (1982) 。.


083. . The Stuff Dreams Are Smurfed Of (1982). .


084。.The Box Of Dirty Tricks (1982) 。.


085. . Papa's Wedding Day (1982). .


086。.All's Smurf That Ends Smurfy (1982) 。.


087. . The Smurfs' Christmas Special (1982). .


088。.My Smurfy Valentine (1983) 。.


In the third quarter. .


089。.Once In A Blue Moon (1983) [3x01]。.


090. . All Creatures Great And Smurf (1983) [3x02]. .


091。.The Smurf Fire Brigade (1983) [3x03]。.


092. . The Winged Wizard (1983) [3x04]. .


093。.Every Picture Smurfs A Story (1983) 。.


094. . The First Telesmurf (1983) [3x06]. .


095。.Handy's Kite (1983) [3x07]。.


096. . The Magic Earrings (1983) [3x08]. .


097。.The Last Smurfberry (1983) [3x09]。.


098. . A Little Smurf Confidence (1983) [3x10]. .


099。.Hogatha's Heart Throb (1983) [3x11]。.


100. . Born Rotten (1983) [3x12]. .


101。.The Tear Of A Smurf (1983) [3x13]。.


102. . The Miracle Smurfer (1983) [3x14]. .


103。.The Smurf Who Would Be King (1983) [3x15]。.


104. . How To Smurf A Rainbow (1983) [3x16]. .


105。.Smurfette For A Day (1983) [3x17]。.


106. . Peewit Meets Bigmouth (1983) [3x18]. .


107。.Lumbering Smurfs (1983) [3x19]。.


108. . Handy's Sweetheart (1983) [3x20]. .


109。.Speak For Yourself, Farmer Smurf (1983) [3x21]。.


110. . A Hovel Is Not A Home (1983) [3x22]. .


111。.Forget-Me-Smurfs (1983) [3x23]。.


112. . The Grumpy Gremlin (1983) [3x24]. .


113。.Clumsy Luck (1983) [3x25]。.


114. . Willpower Smurfs (1983) [3x26]. .


115。.Baby Smurf Is Missing (1983) [3x27]。.


116. . The Smurfs' Time Capsule (1983) [3x28]. .


117。.Wedding Bells For Gargamel (1983) [3x29]。.


118. . To Smurf A Thief (1983) [3x30]. .


119。.Greedy And The Porridge Pot (1983) [3x31]。.


120. . Harmony Steals The Show (1983) [3x32]. .


121。.The Golden Smurf Award (1983) [3x33]。.


122. . The Moor's Baby (1983) [3x34]. .


123。.Hefty's Heart (1983) [3x35]。.


124. . A Hug For Grouchy (1983) [3x36]. .


125。.The Magic Rattle (1983) [3x37]。.


126. . All Hallows' Eve (1983) [3x38]. .


127。.The Littlest Witch (1983) [3x39]。.


128. . April Smurf's Day (1983) [3x40]. .


129。.The Magic Stick (1983) [3x41]。.


130. . Baby's First Christmas (1983) [3x42]. .


131。.Beauty Is Only Smurf Deep (1983) [3x43]。.


132. . Wolf In Peewit's Clothing (1983) [3x44]. .


133。.A Bell For Azrael (1983) [3x45]。.


134. . The Chief Recordsmurf (1983) [3x46]. .


135。.Smurfing In Sign Language (1983) [3x47]。.


136. . A Chip Off The Old Smurf (1983) [3x48]. .


137。.A Gift For Papa's Day (1983) [3x49]。.


138. . Good Neighbor Smurf (1983) [3x50]. .


139。.The Smurfstone Quest (1983) [3x51]。.


140. . Hats Off To Smurfs (1983) [3x52]. .


141。.The Noble Stag (1983) [3x53]。.


142. . Smurfy Acres (1983) [3x54]. .


143。.No Times For Smurfs (1983) [3x55]。.


144. . Smurfily Ever After (1984) [3x56]. .


145。.The Smurfic Games (1984) [3x57]。.


In the fourth quarter. .


146。.Symbols Of Wisdom (1984) 。.


147. . Blue Eyes Returns (1984). .


148。.The Secret Of The Village Well (1984) 。.


149. . Stop And Smurf The Roses (1984). .


150。.The Gingerbread Smurfs (1984) 。.


151. . Jokey's Shadow (1984). .


152。.Jokey's Funny Bone (1984) 。.


153. . Tick Tock Smurfs (1984). .


154。.The Master Smurf (1984) 。.


155. . Tailor's Magic Needle (1984). .


156。.The Traveler (1984) 。.


157. . A Pet For Baby Smurf (1984). .


158。.The Incredible Shrinking Wizard (1984) 。.


159. . Breakfast At Greedy's (1984). .


160。.The Secret Of Shadow Swamp (1984) 。.


161. . The Trojan Smurf (1984). .


162。.Smurf The Other Cheek (1984) 。.


163. . A Float Full Of Smurfs (1984). .


164。.Smurfette's Sweet Tooth (1984) 。.


165. . Smurf On Wood (1984). .


166。.The Smurfomatic Smurfolator (1984) 。.


167. . Petrified Smurfs (1984) [4x22]. .


168。.Papa's Worry Warts (1984) [4x23]。.


169. . Lazy's Slumber Party (1984) [4x24]. .


170。.The Pussywillow Pixies (1984) [4x25]。.


171. . The Bignose Dilemma (1984) [4x26]. .


172。.The Smurfbox Derby (1984) [4x27]。.


173. . A Circus For Baby (1984) [4x28]. .


174。.Babies In Wartland (1984) [4x29]。.


175. . The Smurfwalk Cafe (1984) [4x30]. .


176。.The Smurfiest Of Friends (1984) [4x31]。.


177. . Never Smurf Off 'Til Tomorrow (1984) [4x32]. .


178。.Big Mouth Smurf (1984) [4x33]。.


179. . Baby's Enchanted Didey (1984) [4x34]. .


180。.The Man In The Moon (1984) [4x35]。.


181. . Smurfette's Golden Tresses (1984) [4x36]. .


182。.The Whole Smurf And Nothing But The Smurf (1984) [4x37]。.


183. . Gargamel's Giant (1984) [4x38]. .


184。.The Patchwork Bear (1984) [4x39]。.


185. . Hefty And The Wheelsmurfer (1984) [4x40]. .


186。.Hopping Cough Smurfs (1984) [4x41]。.


187. . The Little Orange Horse With The Gold Shoes (1984) [4x42]. .


188。.Monster Smurfs (1984) [4x43]。.


189. . The Bad Place (1984) [4x44]. .


190。.Smurfing For Ghost's (1984) [4x45]。.


191. . The Gargoyle Of Quarrel Castle (1984) [4x46]. .


192。.Smurfiplication (1984) [4x47]。.


193. . Gargamel's Miss-Fortune (1984) [4x48]. .


The fifth season.


194. . Stuck On Smurfs (1985) [5x01]. .


195。.Puppy (1985) 。.


196. . Papa's Day Off (1985). .


197。.The Smurflings (1985) 。.


198. . He Who Smurfs Last (1985) [5x05]. .


199。.Baby's First Word (1985) [5x06]。.


200. . The Masked Pie Smurfer (1985) [5x07]. .


201。.Sassette (1985) [5x08]。.


202. . Papa's Puppy Prescription (1985) [5x09]. .


203。.Poet's Writer's Block (1985) [5x10]。.


204. . Smurf A Mile In My Shoes (1985) [5x11]. .


205。.Dreamy's Pen Pals (1985) 。.


206. . Papa's Flying Bed (1985) [5x13]. .


207。.Mud Wrestling Smurfs (1985) [5x14]。.


208. . The Sand Witch (1985) [5x15]. .


209。.Kow-Tow, We Won't Bow (1985) [5x16]。.


210. . Big Mouth's Friend (1985) [5x17]. .


211。.Wild And Wooly (1985) [5x18]。.


212. . The Dark-Ness Monster (1985) [5x19]. .


213。.The Grouchiest Game In Town (1985) [5x20]。.


214. . Queen Smurfette (1985). .


215。.Marco Smurf And The Pepper Pirates (1985) [5x22]。.


216. . Educating Big Mouth (1985). .


217。.Brainy Smurf, Friend To All The Animals (1985) 。.


218. . The Comet Is Coming (1985) [5x25]. .


219。.Happy Unhappiness Day To You (1985) 。.


220. . The Great Slime Crop Failure (1985) [5x27]. .


221。.Papa's Family Album (1985) [5x28]。.


222. . Love Those Smurfs (1985) [5x29]. .


223。.Mutiny On The Smurf (1985) [5x30]。.


224. . Things That Go Smurfing In The Night (1985) [5x31]. .


225。.Alarming Smurfs (1985) [5x32]。.


226. . Smurfette's Rose (1985) [5x33]. .


227。.The Mr。. Smurf Contest (1985) [5x34]。.


228. . Have You Smurfed Your Pet Today? (1985) [5x35]. .


229。.Unsound Smurfs (1985) [5x36]。.


230. . All Work And No Smurf (1985) [5x37]. .


231。.Gargamel's Time Trip (1985) [5x38]。.


232. . They're Smurfing Our Song (1985) [5x39]. .


233。.Brainy's Smarty Party (1985) [5x40]。.


Season. .


234。.Smurfquest, Part 1 (1986) 。.


235. . Smurfquest, Part 2 (1986). .


236。.Smurfquest, Part 3 (1986) 。.


237. . Smurfquest, Part 4 (1986). .


238。.Gargamel's New Job (1986) 。.


239. . Grouchy Makes A Splash (1986). .


240。.No Smurf Is An Island (1986) 。.


241. . Don Smurfo (1986). .


242。.The Prince And The Hopper (1986) 。.


243. . Smurfette's Gift (1986). .


244。.The Most Popular Smurf (1986) 。.


245. . A Loss Of Smurf (1986). .


246。.The Last Whippoorwill (1986) 。.


247. . The Color Smurfy (1986). .


248。.Lazy's Nightmare (1986) 。.


249. . All The Smurf's A Stage (1986). .


250。.Smurfs On Wheels (1986) 。.


251. . The Littlest Viking (1986). .


252。.Baby's New Toy (1986) 。.


253. . Bringing Up Bigfeet (1986). .


254。.The Scarlet Croaker (1986) 。.


255. . Calling Dr. . Smurf (1986). .


256。.Can't Smurf The Music (1986) 。.


257. . The Royal Drum (1986). .


258。.It's A Puppy's Life (1986) 。.


259. . Sweepy Smurf (1986) [6x26]. .


260。.Journey To The Center Of The Smurf (1986) [6x27]。.


261. . The Tallest Smurf (1986). .


262。.Essence Of Brainy (1986) 。.


263. . Dr. . Evil And Mr. . Nice (1986). .


264。.The Root Of Evil (1986) 。.


265. . Tattle-Tail Smurfs (1986). .


266。.Greedy Goes On Strike (1986) 。.


267. . Futuresmurfed (1986). .


268。.Crying Smurfs (1986) 。.


269. . Gargamel's Dummy (1986). .


270。.Smurfs On The Run (1986) 。.


271. . A Myna Problem (1986). .


272。.The Horn Of Plenty (1986) 。.


273. . I Smurf To The Trees (1986). .


274。.Clumsy's Cloud (1986) 。.


275. . Bookworm Smurf (1986). .


276。.Farmer's Genie (1986) 。.


277. . Master Scruple (1986). .


278。.Scruple's Sweetheart (1986) 。.


279. . The World According To Smurflings (1986). .


280。.The Enchanted Quill (1986) 。.


281. . The Most Unsmurfy Game (1986). .


282。.Put Upon Puppy (1986) 。.


283. . Heart Of Gold (1986). .


284。.The Village Vandal (1986) 。.


285. . The Gallant Smurf (1986). .


286。.Sassette's Tooth (1986) 。.


287. . Snappy's Way (1986). .


288。.Fire-Fighting Smurfs (1986) 。.


289. . Handy's Window Vision (1986). .


290。.Papa Smurf, Papa Smurf (1986) 。.


291. . Jokey's Cloak (1986). .


292。.Papa's Last Spell (1986) 。.


293. . Lure Of The Orb (1986) [6x60]. .


294。.Smurfette's Flower (1986) 。.


295. . Reckless Smurfs (1986). .


296。.Head Over Hogatha (1986) 。.


With Rachel. .


297。.Smurf On The Wild Side, Part 1 (1987) 。.


298. . Smurf On The Wild Side, Act 2 (1987). .


299。.Smurf On The Wild Side, Part 3 (1987) 。.


300. . Smurf On The Wild Side, Part 4 (1987). .


301。.The Smurflings' Unsmurfy Friend (1987) [7x05]。.


302. . The Smurfstalker (1987) [7x06]. .


303。.Poltersmurf (1987) [7x07]。.


304. . Baby's Marvelous Toy (1987) [7x08]. .


305。.Sleepless Smurfs (1987) [7x09]。.


306. . Cut-Up Smurfs (1987) [7x10]. .


307。.Gargamel's Sweetheart (1987) [7x11]。.


308. . Wild About Smurfette (1987) [7x12]. .


309。.Sing A Song Of Smurflings (1987) [7x13]。.


310. . Smurfing For Gold (1987) [7x14]. .


311。.Jokey's Joke Book (1987) [7x15]。.


312. . Poet's Storybook (1987) [7x16]. .


313。.The Fastest Wizard In The World (1987) [7x17]。.


314. . Dancing Bear (1987) [7x18]. .


315。.Gargamel's Last Will (1987) [7x19]。.


316. . Sassette's Bewitching Friendship (1987) [7x20]. .


317。.Azrael's Brain (1987) [7x21]。.


318. . Castaway Smurfs (1987) [7x22]. .


319。.Legendary Smurfs (1987) [7x23]。.


320. . Smurfing The Unicorns (1987) [7x24]. .


321。.Vanity's Closest Friend (1987) [7x25]。.


322. . Peewit's Unscrupulous Adventure (1987) [7x26]. .


323。.Nobody Smurf (1987) [7x27]。.


324. . Scruple And The Great Book Of Spells (1987) [7x28]. .


325。.Bouncing Smurf (1987) [7x29]。.


326. . The Clockwork Smurfette (1987) [7x30]. .


327。.I Was A Brainy Weresmurf (1987) [7x31]。.


328. . The Answer Smurf (1987) [7x32]. .


329。.Vanity's Wild Adventure (1987) [7x33]。.


330. . Soothsayer Smurfette (1987) [7x34]. .


331。.Crooner Smurf (1987) [7x35]。.


332. . Papa For A Day (1987) [7x36]. .


333。.Flighty's Plight (1987) [7x37]。.


334. . To Coin A Smurf (1987) [7x38]. .


335。.Smurfette Unmade (1987) [7x39]。.


336. . Foul Feather Fiend (1987) [7x40]. .


337。.Sassette's Hive (1987) [7x41]。.


338. . Little Big Smurf (1987) [7x42]. .


339。.Locomotive Smurfs (1987) [7x43]。.


340. . A Long Tale For Grandpa (1987) [7x44]. .


341。.Where The Wild Smurfs Are (1987) [7x45]。.


342. . The Magic Sack Of Mr. . Nicholas (1987) [7x46]. .


343。.Swapping Smurfs (1987) [7x47]。.


344. . Predictable Smurfs (1987) [7x48]. .


345。.Hefty's Rival (1987) [7x49]。.


346. . Snappy's Puppet (1987) [7x50]. .


347。.Prince Smurf (1987) [7x51]。.


348. . The Return Of Don Smurfo (1987) [7x52]. .


349。.Skyscraper Smurfs (1987) [7x53]。.


350. . Bad Luck Smurfs (1987) [7x54]. .


351。.Smurfing Out Of Time (1987) [7x55]。.


352. . A Hole In Smurf (1987) [7x56]. .


353。.Smurf Pet (1987) [7x57]。.


354. . Timber Smurf (1987) [7x58]. .


355。.The Smurf Who Could Do No Wrong (1987) [7x59]。.


356. . Smurfette's Lucky Star (1987) [7x60]. .


357。.The Smurfy Verdict (1987) [7x61]。.


358. . Chlorhydris' Lost Love (1987) [7x62]. .


359。.Stop And Go Smurfs (1987) [7x63]。.


360. . Poet The Know-It-All (1987) [7x64]. .


361。.All The News That's Fit To Smurf (1987) [7x65]。.


362. . Gargamel's Quest (1987) [7x66]. .


363。.Gargamel's Second Childhood (1987) [7x67]。.


364. . Tis The Season To Be Smurfey (1987) [7x68]. .


The eighth season.


365. . Lost Smurf (1988) [8x01]. .


366。.Archives Of Evil (1988) [8x02]。.


367. . Big Mouth's Roommate (1988) [8x03]. .


368。.Bungling Babysitters (1988) [8x04]。.


369. . Clockwork's Powerplay (1988) [8x05]. .


370。.Clumsy In Command (1988) [8x06]。.


371. . Don Smurfo's Uninvited Guests (1988) [8x07]. .


372。.Denisa's Greedy Doll (1988) [8x08]。.


373. . Denisa's Slumber Party (1988) [8x09]. .


374。.Grandpa's Nemesis (1988) [8x10]。.


375. . Grandpa's Walking Stick (1988) [8x11]. .


376。.A House For Nanny (1988) [8x12]。.


377. . It's A Smurfy Life (1988) [8x13]. .


378。.Land Of Lost And Found (1988) [8x14]。.


379. . Long Live Brainy (1988) [8x15]. .


380。.A Maze Of Mirrors (1988) [8x16]。.


381. . Memory Melons (1988) [8x17]. .


382。.Nanny's Way (1988) [8x18]。.


383. . Pappy's Puppy (1988) [8x19]. .


384。.Shutterbug Smurfs (1988) [8x20]。.


385. . Smoogle Sings The Blues (1988) [8x21]. .


386。.A Smurf For Denisa (1988) [8x22]。.


387. . Smurf The Presses (1988) [8x23]. .


388。.Stealing Grandpa's Thunder (1988) [8x24]。.


Dijiu Ji. .


389。.The Smurfs That Time Forgot, Part 1 (1989) [9x01]。.


390. . The Smurfs That Time Forgot, Part 2 (1989) [9x02]. .


391。.Cave Smurfs (1989) [9x03]。.


392. . Hogapatra's Beauty Sleep (1989) [9x04]. .


393。.Mummy Dearest (1989) [9x05]。.


394. . Shamrock Smurfs (1989) [9x06]. .


395。.Karate Clumsy (1989) [9x07]。.


396. . Like it Or Smurf It (1989) [9x08]. .


397。.Papa's Big Snooze (1989) [9x09]。.


398. . A Fish Called Snappy (1989) [9x10]. .


399。.The Smurf Odyssey (1989) [9x11]。.


400. . Trojan Smurfs (1989) [9x12]. .


401。.Fortune Cookie (1989) [9x13]。.


402. . Imperial Panda-Monium (1989) [9x14]. .


403。.Smurfette's Green Thumb (1989) [9x15]。.


404. . Hefty Sees A Serpent (1989) [9x16]. .


405。.Phantom Bagpiper (1989) [9x17]。.


406. . Jungle Jitterbugs (1989) [9x18]. .


407。.The Clumsy Genie (1989) [9x19]。.


408. . Scary Smurfs (1989) [9x20]. .


409。.Sky High Surprise (1989) [9x21]。.


410. . Gnoman Holiday (1989) [9x22]. .


411。.Greedy's Masterpizza (1989) [9x23]。.


412. . The Monumental Grouch (1989) [9x24]. .


413。.Curried Smurfs (1989) [9x25]。.


414. . G'day Smoogle (1989) [9x26]. .


415。.Grandpa's Fountain Of Youth (1989) [9x27]。.


416. . Big Shot Smurfs (1989) [9x28]. .


417。.No Reflection On Vanity (1989) [9x29]。.


418. . Papa Lose His Patience (1989) [9x30]. .


419。.Swashbuckling Smurfs (1989) [9x31]。.


420. . Painter's Egg-Cellent Adventure (1989) [9x32]. .


421。.Small-Minded Smurfs (1989) [9x33]。.


422. . Bananas Over Hefty (1989) [9x34]. .


423。.Smurfs Of The Round Table (1989) [9x35]。.


424. . Wild Goes Cuckoo (1989) [9x36]. .


425。.Brainy's Beastly Boo-Boo (1989) [9x37]。.


426. . The Golden Rhino (1989) [9x38]. .


427。.Hearts 'N' Smurfs (1989) [9x39]。.


Directory:. .


No. 01-set stupid apprentices, counterfeit of Triazolam.


Article 02 set blue sister, floating in the victims. .


Article 29 sets lanmeimei adventure.


30 set can only say that the blue-line wizard. .


Article 31 sets automatic harvesters.


32 sets pandemic. .


33 set small rodents.


34 set Xiangju. .


Article 35 sets kindness.


36 set last laugh. .


37 set Princess resurrection witch.


38 sets volcano erupted. .


39 set father's wedding.


The first 40 episodes of Stupid "notice" the future. .


41 sets value of life.


Little Giant 42 set. .


43. the magic box.


44 Set Wizard sailing record. .


45 sets of golden dream Princess of witchcraft.

CDMA mobile phone abroad is to burn numbers, only China is inserted UIM card. First of all, get outside phone number written work to do before you can use. Here are the steps HTC xv6950 write numbers. .

Prerequisite:.

Can obtain from the network IMSI, A-KEY, you can write ESN network number. .

Steps:.

1. . Find phone's ESN number. Enter the phone's dial-up interface # # 778 #, click the VIEW, you can see in the list of ESN (HEX) numbers. Or WM6 settings -> System -> Device Information to find ESN number. .

2. According to the phone number from network management gets IMSI, A-KEY, ESN recorded.

3. . To modify the network management of the ESN for the phone to the ESN number to find. Of course, you can modify the phone's ESN for the network of ESN, which requires a way to calculate the number by ESN MEID, and then write the MEID number through CDMA workshop. .

4. In the mobile phone dial-up interface enter ## 3424 #, using the USB cable to the PC, prompts the found new hardware. Manually install the serial driver. And then, in your PC's Device Manager to locate the new port number.

5. . Run CDMA workshop software. In the COM settings, select the port number, point of connect, see the lower left corner of the prompt bar is correctly connected to reality, and then point READ, you can read the data in the phone. .

6. (If known-SPC, this step can be free) selected Security labels, the SPC of the drop-down menu, select Universal, RAM method, points READ, Choose Start Address in the address in the first box, click OK to enter 018E. After a few moments automatically find in CDMA workshop output window will display the number of the SPC.

7. . In the Security, the SPC number (6) Fill in SPC, SPC button click, select send, the software will be prompted to unlock the success of SPC. .

8. In nam tab, fill in the 15-digit IMSI IMSI code, fill in the mcc 460, fill in the mnc 03, min fill in after ten of IMSI code (IMSI code after removing 46003), fill in the banner you want to insert characters (e.g. Chinese Telecom), click on write. In the output window will prompt the write was successful.

9. . In the cave tab, fill in the A-KEY (16 hex 16-bit code). Point write, the software will be prompted to write a successful pop-up window. .

10. You can use the phone at this time already. Or you can restart it.

Other issues:. .

1. In the above the taskbar WM6 is a white triangle, it indicates that the phone is roaming status. Although it does not affect calls, but you can upgrade the PRL to resolve.

1) ActiveSync software installed on PC, and connect the phone. .

2) 00008. .prl file import cell phone, and then disconnect the PC connection.

3) # # 778 # to enter Engineering mode, enter the SPC code needed. .

4) on the lower left-hand "View Info" box, select the PRL.

5) Point Update PRL File, enter the EDIT, select the file you just imported the PRL. .

6) point OK, mobile phone will automatically upgrade the PRL and prompts to reboot, restart after upgrade is complete. View device information will be 00008 PRL version.

2. . CDMA 1X dial-up problem. .

1) # # 778 # enters the Project menu, enter the SPC codes.

2) point VIEW info select M. . IP Settings. .

3) third, if the "Mobile Only" to "if only" simly.

4) of ok, prompted to reboot, complete. .


who knows! God knows!.


it is not a big deal! a big deal! . .


How come ... just wondering.


easy does it. . Slowly. .


don't push me。. Don't push me.


come on! Come on, cheer up! . .


have a good of it。. Lots of fun.


it is urgent. . In a hurry. .


What is the fuss? noisy?.


still up? Still sitting it? . .


it doesn't make any differences。. Never mind..


don't let me down. . Do not let me down. .


god works。. God's arrangement.


don't take ill of me. . Do not angry with me. .


hope so。. I hope so..


go down to business. . Get down to business. .


none of my business。. Not my thing.


it doesn't work. . Regardless of use. .


i'm not going。. I'm not to go.


does it serve your purpose? You useful? . .


i don't care。. I don't care..


not so bad. . Yes. .


no way! It is not possible!.


don't flatter me. . Flattered. .


your are welcome。. You are too kind.


it is a long story. . Long story. .


don't play possum! Don't put garlic!.


make it up! do not remember the hatchet! . .


watch you mouth。. Note the words.


any urgent thing? A hurry it? . .


How about eating out? eat out?.


don't over do it. . Do not be too much. .


Can you dig it? "you don't understand?.


i'm afraid i can't. . I am afraid I can not. .


You want a bet? do you want to bet?.


what if i go for you? I like how you go for? . .


Who wants to taste? who?.


december heartbeat. . Evening love. .


follow my nose。. Intuition to do something.


cheap skate! cheapskate! . .


Go to hell! die!.


between us. . You know, I know. .


big mouth! Talkative donkey!.


sure thin! of course! . .


i'm going to go。. I'll go.


never mind. . It does not matter. .


can－do。. Can people.


close-up. . Close. .


drop it! Stop!.


bottle it! shut up. .

Beijing (Beijing).


Beijing-A, Jing C, Jing E, Jing F, in Beijing (City), G Beijing, Beijing (outer suburbs), Jing B Taxi, Beijing O police. .


Tianjin (Tianjin).


Jin A, Jin B, Jin C, Tianjin, Tianjin E taxi. .


Shanghai (Shanghai).


Hu A, Hu B, Hu D, Shanghai area, Shanghai C outer suburbs. .


Chongqing (Yu).


A city of Chongqing, Chongqing (South), Yu B Chongqing Urban (Jiangbei), Yu C Yongchuan, Yu F Wanzhou District, Chongqing and Fuling District G, Yu H Qianjiang District. .


Hebei province (JI).


A Hebei Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Hebei B, Ji C Qinhuangdao, Hebei Handan, D, E Hebei Xingtai, Baoding, Hebei F, G Hebei Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Hebei H, J Hebei Cangzhou, Hebei R Langfang, Hebei Hengshui T. .


Henan province (Yu).


A Henan Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Henan B, Yu C Luoyang, Henan Pingdingshan D, Yu E Anyang, Henan Hebi F, G Henan Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Henan H, Yu J Puyang, Henan K Xuchang, Henan Luohe L, Yu M Sanmenxia, Henan N Shangqiu, Zhoukou Yu P, Yu Q Zhumadian, Henan Nanyang R, S Yu Xinyang, Henan Jiyuan U. .


Yunnan province (cloud).


A cloud of Kunming, Yunnan B Dongchuan, Zhaotong cloud C, D Qujing cloud, cloud E Chuxiong Yi, Yun F Yuxi, Yunnan Hani G, H Wenshan Zhuang and Miao cloud, cloud J Simao, Yunnan Dali Bai L, Yun K Xishuangbanna , Yun M Baoshan, Dehong Dai N cloud, cloud P Lijiang, Yunnan Q Nu Li family, R Diqing Tibetan cloud, cloud S Lincang. .


Liaoning province (Liaoning).


A Liaoning Shenyang, Dalian, Liaoning B, Liao C Anshan, Fushun, Liaoning D, E Liaoning Benxi, Dandong, Liaoning F, Liao G Jinzhou, Yingkou, Liaoning H, Liao J Fuxin, Liaoning K Liaoyang, Liaoning Panjin L, Liao M Tieling, Liaoning N Chaoyang, Liaoning P Huludao, Liaoning V provincial authorities. .


Heilongjiang (black).


Black A Harbin, Qiqihar black B, black C Mudanjiang, Jiamusi Black D, black E Daqing, black F Yichun, black G Jixi, black H Gang, Black J Shuangyashan, Black K Qitaihe, black L Songhua administrative office, Black M Suihua, Black N Heihe, Black P Daxinganling. .


Hunan (Hunan).


A Hunan Changsha, Hunan Zhuzhou B, C Hunan Xiangtan, Hunan D Hengyang, Hunan E Shaoyang, Hunan Yueyang F, G, Yong Xiang, Xiang H, Yiyang, Changde, Hunan J, Xiang K Loudi, Xiang L, Chenzhou, Hunan Lingling M, Huaihua Xiang N, P in Western Hunan. .


Anhui Province (WAN).


A Anhui Hefei, Wuhu, Anhui, B, C Anhui Bengbu, Anhui Huainan D, Wan E, Ma On Shan, Anhui F Huaibei, Anhui Tongling G, H Anhui Anqing, Anhui Huangshan J, K Anhui Fuyang, Anhui L Suzhou, Anhui M Chuzhou, Anhui N Luan, Anhui P Xuancheng, Anhui Q Chaohu, Anhui R Chizhou. .


Shandong province, (Rupert).


Jinan Lu A, Lu B, Qingdao, Zibo Lu C, Lu D Zaozhuang, Dongying, Shandong E, Lu F, Yantai, Weifang Lu G, Lu H, Jining, Tai'an Lu J, Lu K, Weihai, Rizhao Lu L, Lu M Laiwu, Shandong N Texas, Lu P Liaocheng, Shandong Linyi Q, Lu R Heze, Shandong U Qingdao Development Zone. .


Xinjiang Uygur (new).


Urumqi, the new A and new B Changji Hui, the new C Shihezi, the new D Kuitun, the new E Bortala, the new F Ili Hasa, the new G Tacheng, the new H Altay, New J Karamay, new K Turpan, Hami, the new L The new M bayan Guo, new N Aksu, the new P 克孜勒苏柯, the new Q Kashi, the new R Wada. .


Jiangsu Province (Su).


Su A, Nanjing, Wuxi, Su B, Su C, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Su D, Su E, Suzhou, Nantong, Su F, Su G Lianyungang, Jiangsu Huaiyin H, Su J Yancheng, Yangzhou, Su K, Su L, Zhenjiang, Taizhou, Su M, Su N Suqian. .


Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang).


A Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Zhejiang B, C Zhejiang Wenzhou, Zhejiang D Shaoxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang E, F Zhejiang Jiaxing, Zhejiang G Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhejiang H, J Zhejiang Taizhou, Zhejiang K Lishui, Zhejiang Zhoushan L. .


Jiangxi province (Gan).


A Jiangxi Nanchang, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, B, C Jiangxi Yichun, Jiangxi, D Jian, Gan E Shangrao, Jiangxi, F Fuzhou, G Jiangxi Jiujiang, Jiangxi Jingdezhen H, J Jiangxi Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Xinyu K, Gan L Yingtan. .


Hubei Province (Hubei Province).


A Hubei Wuhan, Hubei Huangshi B, E C Shiyan, Hubei Shashi D, E Hubei Yichang, Hubei F Xiangfan, Hubei Ezhou G, E H Jingmen, E J Huang Gang, E K Xiaogan, Xianning E L, E M Jingzhou, Hubei N Yun Yang, E P Yichang, Hubei Province Hubei Q state. .


Guangxi Zhuang (GUI).


Gui A Nanning, Liuzhou, Guangxi B, Gui C Guilin, Guangxi Wuzhou D, E Guangxi Beihai, Guangxi Nanning, F, G Guangxi Liuzhou, Guilin, Guangxi H, Gui J Hezhou (an Wuzhou), K Guangxi Yulin, Guangxi Hechi M, Gui L Baise, Guangxi N Qinzhou, Gui P Fangcheng. .


Gansu province (Gan).


Gan A Lanzhou, Gansu Jiayuguan B, Gan Kim Chang C, Gan D silver, Gan E Tianshui, Gansu F Jiuquan, Gansu Zhangye G, Gan H Wuwei, Gansu J Dingxi, Longnan Gan K, Gan L Pingliang, Gan M Qingyang, Gansu N Linxia Hui, Gan P Gannan Tibetan. .


Shanxi (Jin).


A Shanxi Taiyuan, Shanxi Datong B, Jin C Yangquan, Shanxi D Changzhi, Shanxi Jincheng E, Jin F Shuozhou, Xinzhou Jin H, Lu Liang Jin J, Jin K Jinzhong, Jin L, Linfen, Shanxi Yuncheng M. .


Inner Mongolian (Mongolia).


A Mongolia Hohhot, Baotou, Mongolia B, Meng C Wuhai, Mongolia Chifeng D, E Hulunbeier Mongolia, Mongolian F Hing'an, G Meng Xilin Gol League, Meng H Ulanqab League, Meng J League, Meng K Bayan nur Union, Mongolia L Alashan. .


Shaanxi (Shaanxi).


A Shaanxi Xi'an, Shaanxi Tongchuan B, C Baoji in Shaanxi, Shanxi D Wei Yang, Shaanxi Weinan E, F Shaanxi Hanzhong, Shaanxi G Ankang, Shaanxi H Shangluo, Shaanxi J Yan'an, Shaanxi K Yulin, Shaanxi provincial authorities U. .


Jilin province (Kyrgyzstan).


Kat A Changchun, Jilin, Jilin B, C Siping Jilin, Jilin D Liaoyuan, Jilin Tonghua E, Ji F Hakusan, Kyrgyzstan G White City, Jilin H Yanbian Korean. .


Fujian province (min).


A Fujian Fuzhou, Putian, Fujian and B, Min C Quanzhou, Fujian D Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Fujian E, F Fujian Longyan, Sanming Fujian G, Min H Nanping, Fujian Ningde J, Min K provincial authorities. .


Guizhou province (expensive).


Guiyang your A, your B Liupanshui, your C Zunyi, your D Tongren, your E Qianxinan, your F Bijie, your G Anshun, your H Qiandongnan, your J Qiannan. .


Guangdong Province (Guangdong), the Guangdong Guangzhou Guangdong-A B C Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Guangdong Shantou Guangdong, D, E, F, Foshan Guangdong, Guangdong Shaoguan, Guangdong Zhanjiang G H J Zhaoqing, Guangdong Jiangmen, Guangdong, Guangdong Maoming K L Huizhou, Guangdong, Guangdong N M Meizhou, Guangdong Shanwei, Guangdong Q P Heyuan, Guangdong Yangjiang, Guangdong R Qingyuan, Guangdong Dongguan S T Zhongshan, Guangdong Chaozhou, Guangdong-U V W yunfu, Guangdong Jieyang city, Guangdong Province Shunde, Guangdong-X Y Z Nanhai, Guangdong and Macau into mainland vehicles.


Qinghai Province (Green). .


A green, blue B Haidong Xining, green, blue and D C haibei huangnan, E, F, Hainan, blue, green guoluo G H yushu, haixi, green.


Tibet (Tibet). .


Possession of A Tibetan Lhasa, chamdo, B C D Shannan, Tibet, Tibetan Shigatse, Tibet F E nagqu, Tibet nyingtri Ali G..


Sichuan Province (Sichuan). .


Sichuan-Chengdu, Sichuan-A B C Mianyang, Sichuan, zigong, Sichuan panzhihua, Sichuan D E F Luzhou, Sichuan deyang, Sichuan Guangyuan, Sichuan H J Suining, Sichuan neijiang, Sichuan K L Leshan, Sichuan Yibin Sichuan, Q, R, S daxian, Sichuan Nanchong, Sichuan yaan T, Chuan Sichuan ABA Tibetan, U V W Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan, Liangshan Yi, Meishan Sichuan Z. ..


Ningxia Hui (Ning). .


Ning, Ning A yinchuan shizuishan C B, Ning, Ning guyuan yinnan D..


Hainan Province (Hainan). .


Joan Joan B A Haikou, Sanya, Joan C Joan North.


Military license plates:. .


The existing army vehicle known as the "97", the format is a A-12345.


The first part is the Chinese "attribution", the representative sequence of the PLA military services:. .


A.-the people's Liberation Army Headquarters (General staff, general political Department, General Logistics Department).


B - Army. .


C-communication and transportation.


Have - Shenyang Military Region. .


G – Beijing military region.


Xin - Lanzhou Military Region. .


Wee-Jinan.


Yin - Nanjing Military Region. .


E-Chengdu military area command.


Shu - Guangzhou Military Region. .


Afternoon – the air force.


Not - the Navy. .


Shin-PLA General armament Department.


The second part letter, on behalf of subordinate category (incomplete):. .


A – headquarters, headquarters.


B - Special Branch. .


C – Logistics Department.


D - Equipment Division. .


G-military district.


H - warehouse, retired cadres. .


K – in the local railway, aviation and IWT unit military representative office.


P - Hospital and medical and public health institutions. .


S-logistic factory.


The third part of the five figures is a military secret, but the first is the serial number of military districts, such as the Guangzhou Military Region under the jurisdiction of Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces were military, "shu G" 1,2,3,4 5 prefix. .


Armed police number plates:.


"97-style" armed police license plate format is:. .


WJ18-12345。.


WJ on behalf of the first part of the "armed." .


The second part of a two-digit code for the provinces.


01 - Armed Police Headquarters. .





03 - Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. .


04-Shanxi province.


05 - Liaoning Province. .


06-Jilin province.


07 - Heilongjiang Province. .


08-Shanghai.


09 - Jiangsu Province. .


10-Zhejiang Province.


11 - Anhui Province. .


12-Jiangxi province.


13 - Fujian Province. .


14 – the Shandong province.


15 - Guangdong Province. .


16 – Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.


17 - Hubei Province. .


18-Hunan province.


19 - Henan Province. .


20-Sichuan province.


21 - Yunnan Province. .


22-Guizhou province.


23 - Shaanxi Province. .


24 – Gansu province.


25 - Qinghai Province. .


26 – the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.


27 - Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. .


28 – Tianjin.


29 - Tibet Autonomous Region. .


30 – Hainan Province.


31 - Beijing. .


32-Chongqing.


The third part of the five numbers, the first representative of the Armed Police, the first team for the figures for the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to "eliminate" the fire brigade, "edge" as the border, "pass" as the traffic unit, the "forest" as the forest unit, the "Golden "gold forces," the police "as the security forces," electricity "for the water units. .


1, 028 A026/027/is the most cattle, be sure to stay away, Tian-persons ... If a A026/7/8 and then hanging a guard, a warning (car, central control console above), then in China, this piece of land, there will be no cars exceed them than their more cattle ... ....


Beijing ET also cattle, are detached and the State Department veteran of the ... .... .


Beijing AG6 out, cow B..


Linked to another security guard and do not mess with lights of (nonsense) ... .... .


No lights hanging guard only, that is false, of course, does not exclude K brand of relations, but certainly is moisture.


"023", "323", placed in plastic in the bottom left corner before the wind, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the car, not very cow, the police generally do not care, but his temper will not ring true, they would pipe the ... .... .


"Security" in the lower-left corner of the front windshield, the Beijing Municipal Government, the highest level of the vehicles, nobody, ox. ....


"Country A", place the bottom before the wind, the State Council, needless to say, and also cow ... .... .


"901", formerly "free pass" line ... yet.


"Beijing Security" is used in place of the "garrison", and with the original guard who does not withdraw, Mei Zhe, had spent together ... .... .


There is, at the beginning of Beijing A80 instance car ox. ....


"Shi" brand before 5, and have diplomatic immunity ... .... .


2, Beijing A81, 82, 83, also at the beginning of Beijing A88: Diaoyutai.


G A, Military Command, G G, Beijing garrison. A A: Staff, a B: General Political Department, a C: General Logistics Department, A D: assembly, not A: Naval Command, the afternoon A: Air Force Command, a F: military academies, a N: Second Artillery Command , WJ01:. .


Armed police headquarters, WJ31: Beijing station.


Beijing OB, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and subordinate branches. .


Beijing OD, traffic and the detachment.


Beijing OE, Beijing Railway Public Security Bureau. .


? A-* *** police, Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Bureau of the Corps, police vehicles such as police riot inspections, etc. Beijing A-A *** police, Court, police car. Beijing A-B *** police, Prosecutor's police car. ..


3,025,026,027,028,029 is the leadership of the Central Military Commission and General Staff car, more cattle are 020,021,022,023,024, all of the Central Political Bureau, led car. Yellow font "Guard" brand is a guard, not much circulation, most for the country, the Central Political Bureau, Central Military Commission, dedicated to clear the way vehicles are common white guard card, number more. .


4, Beijing is a direct instance A81, Beijing A83 is the Beijing Municipal Government. Beijing AG6XXX is Vice Chairman of NPC, CPPCC Vice President limousine. A BUICK, A6, S320.


5, the car is the most NB: A A02156, a black German special AUDI A8 4. .2. .


6, added: Black Guard "seems to be the Ministry of public security," guard "and" Jing an "car card combinations can be considered.


A vehicle passes the. There are "special access", "drug" also more cattle, iron, red and ICP. A new out. .


"Flux" plate also cattle.


Foreword. .

In order to establish and improve the radio station data management rules and long-term mechanism, ensuring national radio communications and information security, in accordance with the Ministry of national unity deployment, radio regulatory Commission Office in Shanxi province in May 2007 start provincial radio station data cleaning. . Now in the monitoring process the experience and problems encountered with our peers. .

GSM base station data monitoring.

GSM is the "Global System for Mobile Communications" (Global System For Mobile Communication) short, it is by the 18 European countries in 1988, jointly promulgated by the digital cellular communication system standard. Currently, GSM system operators are China Mobile and China Unicom. .

For GSM base station measurements, mainly related to the following network parameters: MCC and MNC, LAC, CI and CIx, latitude and longitude, etc. Among them, MCC, MNC consists of public land mobile network, MCC and MNC PLMN, LAC composition location area recognition LAI.

* MCC: mobile country code ITU management in the international movement of Taichung, to mark the country or specific area code. China's international mobile station's country code is 460. .

* MNC: mobile network identification number used to identify different carrier networks, 2 bit length. China Mobile GSM network is 00 China Unicom's GSM network-01, China Unicom CDMA network to 03.

* LAC: location area identification number, composed of 16 bits, range of 0000 ~ FFFF, including 0000, FFFE reserved. China Mobile GSM network, LAC number usually contains the respective fixed telephone area code. .

* CI: community identification number, identify a location within the community, by a 16-bit, wide FFFF 0000 ~. By MCC and MNC, LAC, CI global identification code comprising the community CGI (Global Cell Identification), community-ID contains the number of base stations and community information. Community identification number CI 4-digit hexadecimal number can be converted to a five-digit octal number, for example, measuring up to four data 053e, 0071, 053f and 4eff, convert it to a 10-band 00113 01342 01343 and 20223. . .

* CIx: base stations number consists of a CI.

* Rx Lev: received signal level, and the use of mobile phones signal strength related. .

* Longitude: positioning the base station location, because this value is the device through the field strength value size and vehicle movement, so that value only as reference values.

Telephone traffic in urban areas or larger areas, GSM networks in order to ensure system capacity, base station coverage is very small, only a few hundred meters. Therefore, GSM base stations in the monitoring process, the proposed vehicle during a reasonable arrangement in the road line, low-speed ahead, to prevent the leakage test. Telephone traffic in the suburbs or a smaller area, usually the base station coverage area will be large, the proposed area along the main road and the monitoring of key villages and towns can be. It should be noted in the data processing phase, if the number of statistical base station sector statistics CI should be the number of base stations required amount of statistical CIx statistics can be. .

CDMA base station data monitoring.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) CDMA technology by Qualcomm (Qualcomm) in 1990 developed a new type of digital cellular communications technology. It uses digital transmission methods, use of spread spectrum communication technology, greatly improved the frequency of utilization, high capacity, privacy is good, covering a wide range of mobile power, small, voice quality, etc. At present, China's CDMA digital cellular communication system operator China Unicom. .

On the CDMA network base station measurements primarily involves the following network parameters: Band, CH, SID, NID, Base Station P Rev, PN offset, Sycle BSID, Slot Index, Raw Ec/Io, Tx Rx Power, Power, Tx Rx Adj, Lev and latitude and longitude.

* Band: Band Type (band class), 0 on behalf of China Unicom's CDMA network using the 850MHz cellular. .

* CH: carrier frequency channel number in China Unicom CDMA use of bandwidth, you can use 20MHz 7 on carrier, 283, 242, 201, 160, 120, 78, 37, 41 channel carrier frequency interval, a city General opened 2 ~ 4 carrier.

In the CDMA IS-95 standard, the specific arrangement of the frequency: the reverse link for the 824MHz ~ 849MHz, the forward link for the 869MHz ~ 894MHz, uplink and downlink frequency band interval of 45MHz, each CDMA carrier bandwidth of 1 . .25 MHz. In the CDMA system, the channel was number, channel number n and the channel frequency conversion formula is:. .

Forward link: fH (n) = (870 + 0. .03n) MHz,.

Reverse link: fL (n) = fH (n)-45MHz. .

* SID, NID: SID is managed by the ITU in CDMA mobile communications network uniquely identify signs mobile service number of the local network, is the CDMA network system flags, NID, on behalf of the CDMA network Network logos. Different regions have different systems and networks, to distinguish between different parts of the network service area, a mobile platform based on the identification number (SID + NID) judgment if roaming.

* PN offset: PN code offset index, the IS-95A CDMA system, PN short code of the cycle is 32768 chip, the short code to divide every 64 chip, so get a 512 different phase of the short codes, these codes according to the order number from 0 to 511, the number referred to as PN code offset index. CDMA system in accordance with the short PN code phase of the plan, the same base station PN codes of different intervals between the sectors 168, from the 1st to the 3rd sector sector increased. .

* BSID: base station identification number (Base Station Identity Code), a 16-bit number that uniquely identifies a NID subordinates of the base station of the community. Community identification number contains the number of base stations and community information. For example, to measure to six data 7393, 7394, 7395, 7962, 7963 and 7344, divided by 8, the integer part is the number of base stations, and the remainder to sector numbers, if no remainder is the Omni stations.

* Base Station P Rev: the base station protocol version level. .

* Slot Sycle Index: index of the work clearance cycle-time model of mobile stations in each timeslot cycle monitoring paging channel time cycle indices.

* Raw Ec / Io: Ec / Io of the initial estimate. .

* Power Rx: receive signal power.

* Tx Power: transmitted signal power. .

* Tx Adj: launch of adjustment.

* Rx Lev: received signal level, and the use of mobile phones signal strength related. .

* Longitude: positioning the base station location, because this value is the device through the field strength value size and vehicle movement, so that value only as reference values.

And the GSM system is different, in the premise of ensuring system capacity, CDMA network base station can only cover a few large areas. Therefore, CDMA base station monitoring process, the vehicle only along the city's normal street, GSM monitoring relative to the larger interval can be. Also to be slow in moving the process forward, to prevent the leakage test. In the suburbs, the proposed area along the main road and the monitoring of key villages and towns can be. It should be noted in the data processing phase, the system can not directly statistics the number of base stations, if necessary, can import Excel for statistical calculations. .

PHS base station data monitoring.

PHS "Little Smart" mobile communication system, referred to as PHS (Personal Handphone System), it is the client to wirelessly access the local telephone network, fixed telephone switching equipment and the number of resources. Currently, the system operator for China Netcom and China Telecom. .

On PHS base station measurements primarily involves the following network parameters: base station identification number (CS-ID), base station corresponds to the field strength and the latitude and longitude, etc..

* CS-ID: base station identification number, the only system in the PHS base station to determine, for the distinction between the control channel different from or sent to the base station signal, a length of 42 bit (binary), converted to 16 hex after 11 characters. .

* PHS for micro-cellular radio telecommunications systems, paging area PA system in most of the page a cell phone, pager code a lie. regional CS-ID said in a paging area in the top 6-7-bit encoding, the mobile phone detects through CS-ID PA change location registration when launched. Base station identification number CS-ID ex 4 bits, used to distinguish between the different cities and different operators, municipal boundary testing, can serve as the basis for determining the base station is the region's base station.

* Base Station Field Intensity: measurement of the base station corresponding to the field, used to determine the location of the base station. .

* Longitude: positioning the base station location, because this value is the device through the field strength value size and vehicle movement, so that value only as reference values.

As the high frequency of PHS base stations, low power, signal penetrating a serious difference and attenuation, resulting in the process of building a great station site density in the radio monitoring arrangements for the monitoring process should be a reasonable line, the effective radius of 200 meters, as far as possible be covered by each paging area. .

During testing, the instrument is also recommended that the holding of a "little smart" handsets on signal there and change, particularly in the city outside. In the external, PHS base station just built in the densely populated villages, tourist area and roadsides.

Found in the monitoring process, the general turn in the road, overpasses, culverts, etc. of the PHS base station more. In such areas, to slow in speed too fast to prevent the leakage test. .

Closing remarks.

The non-commissioned organizations monitoring Shanxi gives us a mobile operator base station of detailed technical information on the future work of great help. Note that, as mobile operators continue to the mobile communication network optimization, capacity expansion, should pay attention to the base station to monitor changes in network parameters. .

【 】 Wooden floor.


Many types of flooring, with solid wood flooring, laminate flooring, engineered flooring, cork flooring and other four categories. .


In home decoration, choose wooden floor, than select the flooring will be better able to embody the "home" feeling, especially the bedroom floor to wood is appropriate.


Solid wood flooring more commonly used in home decoration. Advantages: pure wood products, materials and warm, foot feeling good, real natural. Smooth and uniform surface coating, size and more, great choice, and easy maintenance. Disadvantages: delicate wood floors dry, when wet easily shrink, resulting in anti-Alice deformation of the installation is too much trouble, and higher prices. .


Advantages: the laminated flooring and varieties, hard texture, fire-proof, wear resistance, easy maintenance, easily construction. Disadvantages: materials of cold feet too hard. Hallway, hospitality area, dining area is suitable for charging the laminated flooring.


Parquet wood flooring wood flooring both beautiful and natural, foot feeling comfortable, good insulation properties strong points; they overcome the solid wood flooring for monomer shrinkage cracks less easily Qi Qiao. In addition, solid wood flooring installation is simple, generally do not hit the keel. .


Cork flooring in getting tired of cheap flooring, solid wood flooring of monotone, so-called "pyramid consumption" cork flooring, a decoration but also a good choice. Cork is the growth in the Mediterranean Cork oak, which is the raw material of these oak bark. Compared with solid wood flooring, cork flooring is more environmental friendly, moisture-proof performance is better, but it does not decay, rigorously pavement, it can even shop in the bathroom.


Taking into account the different room functions, the use of different rooms, choose different colors of wood flooring.。.

】 【Stone. .


Decorative stone-artificial and natural.


Natural stone: a common market for house decoration variety of natural stone. But according to the building materials market, commonly known, only two broad categories: marble and granite. All kinds of limestone, dolomite, marble, etc. referred to as marble; granite, diorite, diabase, collectively known as granite gneiss, etc. (also known as individual businesses will Sandstone Granite). And then the color and pattern differences under different named varieties, such as the Indian red, black and gold dust, pearl yellow, blue linen, white linen. Ordinary consumers can not understand from the name on the performance of stone. .


Artificial stone: currently on the market there are three artificial stone: a synthetic compound stone. To unsaturated polyester resin binder with natural marble or calcite, dolomite, silica sand, glass and other inorganic powder, as well as the right amount of flame retardants, pigments, etc., the ingredients mixing, high compressed into sheets.


The second is man-made granite, stone is broken after the original by adding a vacuum resin and stone mix, and ways to make use of high-pressure shock shape, made of a block of rock, and then after cutting a stone building materials. In addition to retaining the natural texture, but also the different pigments can be added to enrich the diversity of its color. .


The third is crystallized glass materials, glass. Use glass, natural stone will be different according to the certain proportion of ingredients, smashing, high-temperature melting, crystallization by cooling.


The difference between natural and artificial. .


As long as you observe, the naked can distinguish natural stone and artificial stone.


(1) Artificial stone natural stone that the lack of naturalness. Although man-made artificial stone can produce a variety of patterns, but still no natural stone is so rich and natural. .


(2) in addition to an artificial hillock stone, the opposite of man-made stone generally have effect.


(3) Artificial stone can often be found in the bubble. .


Selection of marble or granite?.


Use of natural stone should be considered in terms of principal. Use of parts and uses should be used in different parts of different stone, such as living room, bathroom floors and kitchen stove should be used with good wear resistance and acid and alkali granite. Walls and artistic decoration, armed strength somewhat less available colors, rich marble pattern. .


Why choose artificial stone?.


Compared with natural stone, artificial stone has the compact structure, light weight, non-absorbent, corrosion resistance, bright color, color does not fade so small and the advantages. But a few manufacturers in pursuit of low cost and high profits, with low-grade industrial resin, calcium carbonate, low-grade materials such as paint, to create a number of shoddy man-made stone, artificial stone of such inferior general toxic smell, poor processing, easy to fracture deformation, visual turbidity dark color, the surface of plastic resin sense, inconsistent quality, large batches of color, material particles larger hands are rough sense of touch, light is not good, generally one to two years began to fade. .


。.

】 【Paint. .


Commonly used in the decoration: paint.


1, edible vegetable oil: Key to play in the paint primer used to do before. .


2, original paint: also known as lead oil, paint and dry grinding, mixing and more to increase PuTTY.


3, blending paint: also known as mixed paint, oil paint and sub-categories of natural resin paint. .


4, varnish: also known as varnish, oil-based varnishes and resins, varnishes. Varieties are adhesive varnishes, phenolic varnishes, alkyd lacquer, clear nitrocellulose lacquer, varnish and shellac. Glossy, film speed, wide application.


5, enamel: the pigment grinding plus varnish is made of commonly used are two types of phenolic enamel and alkyd enamel. .


6, antirust paint: oily antirust paint and resin paint two categories.


7, latex paint: paint a certain permeability and alkali resistance. Blistering paint is not dry, not color, not sticky, and more for the interior finishing. Toxic to humans, pollution to the environment. .


In home decoration, the luster is generally divided into matte, semi-gloss, light, highlights 4 Matt gloss, semi gloss generally used in the living room, bedroom; typically used for window and door frame glossy, hanging mirror line and wear larger areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, etc.; shall apply to the high-gloss doors framework embellished, etc. According to the character can be divided into water-based paint and oil paint. Water-based paint is generally used to paint the walls, oily for decoration Panel, lines, metal surface.


How to identify green products and non-green paint:. .


You can view this product is expressly not to add lead and mercury, toxicity testing, or national environmental labelling (CCEL) to confirm.


Identification of true and false Paint:. .


1, see packaging for name, address, registered trademark, is there a quality supervision departments of the inspection report. If instructions are not clear, please don't purchase. Key factory certification and quality supervision departments of the original inspection report.


2, see product packaging is intact, shake it too much paint tube sound, the sound of a large number of instructions is not enough. You can sample the weight of a tube paint contrast with the product packaging. .


3. view the printed matter is clear delicate, exquisite packing pattern is clear.


4, open face paint tube to see whether the impurities after the whole is clear. .


5, agitation for bulk materials.


6, choking odor is spicy nose eyes. .


7, discoloration brushing effect has no yellowing and other phenomena.


To sum up: a number of paint brands, on the one hand can not be freeloaders, on the other hand can not only have foreign brands, and now some homemade paint has reached international standards. The price of imported products only 1 / 2 or 1 / 3, so the vast number of working-class, buy cheap China-made paint more appropriate. To regulate the market or the store can be purchased. .


How to calculate the amount of paint used? ICI products with paint quantity calculation example.


First of all, to calculate the area of brush, with brush size, the area will be brushing the coating divided by the area per liter of paint can be used to obtain the necessary amount of paint. For general interior finishing, there is an empirical formula brush the area: coat of paint required amount of L = (floor area of x2. .5) / Per liter brush area. For example: Erfangyiting 80 square meters of new houses, then brushing an area of about 200 square meters of wall, 5 in 1 liter can brush 13 - 16 square meters, and a bucket of 5 l loaded Dulux 5 in 1 can brushing about 40 square meters of wall layers, then brushing the ceiling of this room, including a total of five container 5 liters need Dulux paint 5 in 1. .

【 】 Tiles.


On the market today are many kinds of tiles, there are a dozen categories alone. .


Glazed ceramic tiles: refers to the brick face glazed floor tiles. This brick is divided into two categories: one is the use of pottery, due to the high water absorption must be burnt glaze, so that should be called "tiles" and the strength of this brick is very low, it is now rarely used, and burned with porcelain clay, in pursuit of a decorative effect also burnt the glaze, porcelain tile structure dense, high strength, low water absorption, antifouling, price than earthenware tile height. Clay fired glazed ceramic tiles, are currently widely used in home decoration, 80% of buyers use this kind of tiles as ground decoration materials. . Fired clay tiles in the Spanish wall and floor tiles production because of its unique decorative effect, currently very popular in Beijing, but the higher the price of brick, generally used in high-end home decoration. .


Tiles: this is not a glazed porcelain tile, a good slip resistance and abrasion resistance. General "non-slip floor tiles" are mostly tiles. Because of this brick price is moderate, so all. The "bleeding" of beautiful tiles is so adorable.


Polished: whole body after a polished tiles polished, this brick is very hard, so very wearable. .


Tiles: this is a high-temperature sintering of ceramic tile, ceramic tile is all most hard. Sometimes polished tiles were blown out scratches, porcelain tiles still intact. But this kind of brick for higher prices.


Vitrified material is superior to another new building materials granite, has the following advantages:. .


1, colorful soft, no visible chromatic aberration. But because of natural granite rock formations, deep different chromatic aberration is large.


2, high temperature sintering, complete metaplasia into mullite porcelain and many other crystals, stable physical and chemical properties, corrosion, fouling and strong, life time as new. As the natural formation of granite, lumber time, vary the degree of weathering, resulting in density, intensity varies, use two years later, losing luster, surface wear rough, difficult to clean and beautiful effect. .


3. the thickness of the thinner, high flexural strength, brick, building load. Natural granite is relatively low, heavy, increased the weight of the building, and will give transport, paving, brings a series of difficulties.


4, no harmful elements. Granite is a natural mineral, long buried deep in the crust, without high temperature sintering, thus containing traces of radioactive elements, such as long-term exposure would be harmful to health. .


Flexural strength greater than 5, 45Mpa. While granite flexural strength of approximately 17-20Mpa.


Tiles of the surface pollution is the key. .


The only defect of tiles is polishing, hair porosity exposed, oil, dust, etc. easy to infiltrate. According to insiders, this is an industry recognized problem, but some manufacturers after the study had been the adoption of new technology to solve this problem, such as dongpeng ceramic tiles in the product manufactured before doing a surface treatment, hair pore blocking, so that dirt from infiltration. . When asked consumers to buy clear the tiles without making of treatment in use to wax, wax the floor in general can be. Pavement construction in order to avoid injury before the tile surface, application of bags and other items not easily marking the tile surface cover. .


Selection of ceramic tiles.


Here are several ways to select ceramic tiles for reference. .


Glazed surface should be smooth, delicate, hands-free particles; varnish shine should be crystal clear, smooth and soft, comfortable should be.


A few pieces of ceramic tile color will fight together, look carefully in the light, a good product color difference is very small, consistent color between products; and poor product color large color difference between the different products. .


Specifications available caliper measurements. Good product specification deviation, paving, product diversity, bricks straight, good decoration effect. Poor product specifications of large deviation between the products. The brick stone erected alignment, small tiles allow negative 0. .5mm, big brick 1mm, direct observation of deformation visible to the naked eye is available. Request product side facing up, and the four corners to 90 degrees, so that product deformation of small, convenient installation, after paving brick surface is flat appearance.


Design patterns to delicate colors, realistic, there is no obvious lack of color, break, dislocation and other defects. In the interior, the floor tiles and wall colors to each other. Bathroom sanitary ware should complete the main wall and floor tiles, and various accessories, including hardware and other supporting materials, quality, grade should be coordinated with. .


Listen to: hard objects knock bricks, chewed, for good bricks. The sound is not working properly, there are cracks or heavy leather phenomenon.


After the paving of ceramic tiles durable, long time no crack, no distortion, no pollutant. You can use the simple way to determine the following: ink drops behind in the product to see whether the automatic ink spread. In general, the ink spread more slowly, the water absorption of the smaller, more excellent internal quality, durable products the better; otherwise the worse the product durable. .


Anti-slip ceramic brick slip resistance is important. General in the bathroom and kitchen and bath place should use a non-slip feature of ceramic tiles.

】 【Plate. .


1, according to the material can be divided into: solid wood panels, plywood. At present, apart from the floor and door uses solid wood panels, we are using plates are constructed out of wood processing.


2, can be divided into categories according to shape: solid board, plywood, fiberboard, decorative panels, fire panels and so on. .


Solid wood panel: as the name implies, solid wood panels is to use the complete wood wood. These panels are durable, lines, natural, is decorated in the optimum choice. But because of the high cost of such materials, and construction of technological requirements, use it in the decoration. Solid wood boards generally in accordance with the classification board real name, there is no uniform standard specifications.


Plywood: also known as plywood, commonly known as thin lines within the core board. By the three or more layers of a millimeter thick or thin veneer glue hot repression. Hand-made furniture is the most commonly used material. Splint is generally divided into three PCT boards, 5 PCT board, 9 PCT Board, 12 PCT boards, 15 PCT 18 PCT board and board of six specifications (1 per cent shall be 1mm). .


Decorative Panel: decorative panels, commonly known as the Panel. The wooden plate precision veneer thickness 0. around a small flake .2mm to splint to the substrate, through the process of preparing the adhesive which has a single decoration decorative plates. It is the special way of plywood, thickness is 3%. Decorative Panel is different from the mixing a senior decoration materials.


Blockboard: Blockboard, commonly known as Tai Xinban inline. Daxin Ban by two wooden veneer splicing intermediate pressure becomes sticky. Daxin Ban the price is cheaper than the small core board, the vertical (in the core material to distinguish) the flexural compressive strength is poor, but the lateral bending strength of high pressure. .


Flakeboard: Particleboard is wood scrap as the main raw material, then permeability and glue, additives, has a thin sheet. By suppressing the methods can be divided into extrusion Particleboard, platen Particleboard second class. This type of sheet is an extremely cheap price. Its disadvantages are also obvious: strength. Generally not suitable for the production of larger or mechanical requirements of furniture.


MDF: MDF, also known as fiber. Is a wood fiber or other plant fiber as raw material, applied urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, or other applicable boards made of man-made, according to their different densities, into high density board, MDF, low-density board. MDF as soft impact resistance, easily re-processing. Overseas, the MDF is to produce furniture of a good material, but because the State standards on the high board several times lower than the international standard, so the use of MDF in our quality to be improved. .


Fire Board: fireproof Board is a siliceous materials or calcareous materials as the main raw material, and a certain proportion of fiber materials, lightweight aggregates, adhesives and chemical additives mixed technology by autoclaved decorative plates. Is the increasing use of new materials, the use of not only because of fire safety factors. Fire Board construction requirements for paste glue is relatively high, the quality is good fire Board price expensive also decorative Panel. Fire board thickness is 0. .8mm, 1. .2mm 1mm and. ..


Melamine plate: melamine plate, melamine impregnated paper stands facing plywood. Is with a different color or texture of the paper are immersed into the melamine resin adhesive, and then dried to a certain curing degree, the pavement in the particleboard, MDF or hardboard surface decoration made by hot pressing plate. Melamine board is a wall decoration materials. There are currently used for surface decoration with melamine plates, it is not appropriate. .


The selection board.


Look at the green environmental protection. According to January 1, 2007 since the implementation of the "Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials, plywood and their products release formaldehyde limit" requirements, direct the building materials for indoor formaldehyde emission must be less than or equal to 1 liter. .5 Mg, if the formaldehyde emission of less than or equal to 5 milligrams per liter, you must be used for interior finishing treatment, formaldehyde emission than 5 milligrams per liter shall be sub-standard. The failure of the timber to take home as a new home, adding the occurrence of a gas machine, to buy building materials have to look at the green environmental protection. .


. .


Many consumers choose emission, a look at some of the weight, the price. In fact, the heavier the emission of its quality. Because of the greater weight, the more that this use of hardwood lumber. This kind of hardwood spell of emission, nails nails and so cannot be used.


In addition, the price of low Daxin Ban, the quality will certainly be poor. Gap is not large, is the use of a substandard wood. So when you choose the best 100 or so a selection of Daxin Ban. The price of Daxin Ban, the quality stable. Market sale price of 50-55 yuan each of Daxin Ban, simply can not be used. .


A selection of emission is looking: the emission of a must be a whole sheet of wood, the other side allows only one slot. In addition, the emission surface must be dry, light Net. In addition, when you select the emission, sawing, check inside the quality. Inside a small wooden mosaic, the gap must not exceed 5 mm, can not be used with bark, wood boring holes and knot wood. Emission of better quality, small bars of the jagged Tenon mouth..


In use, Daxin Ban only along long side of the "smooth opening" and can not use the sawing sideways. In addition, Daxin Ban can not use when the panel, paste in the outside layer of plywood as a panel, there would be issues such as paint blistering. .


2, glulam, difficult to deformation. This is a new kind of solid wood materials, the use of high-quality imported large diameter logs, fine and deep processing and imaging fingers cross stitching. As a result of this process, the Board's environmental performance is superior, is the amount of formaldehyde emission from allow 1/8, the price is about $ 200 each, slightly more expensive than the high-grade emission. But on the other hand, the spruce from the United States and other wood production of sheet metal can be painted, painted, than to save process emission, last count down construction costs may be balanced.


3, MDF Particleboard nail holding power than the poor. Particleboard is a natural timber crushed into granules, via compressed into boards, is the main material cabinet. MDF is wood powder post by suppressing formation, smoothness is better, but resistant to moisture is poor. In contrast, Nail-holding MDF worse than particleboard, loose screws tightened after the event, due to the strength of MDF is not high, hard to fixed, so seldom used to do cabinet. .


4, splints for finishing three easy and inexpensive. Multilayer PCB, also called the three splints and sanheban, different name. According to the thickness 3-9-cm or call 3-9 mm plate. It mainly depends on the merits of ingredients, Willow anxin 1. .2m. plate price .4m 10-$ 20. The peach-core and cheaper to Aspen's will. Homefurnishing primary is facing three splints, which during the factory have very thin wood veneer plaster splint in three. Facing three splint is an easy to use, the price is better than buy themselves facings for construction team stickers come cheap.


5, melamine double paste board, not afraid of fire and water. Both sides of this plate shiny, very hard, not afraid of water and fire, mainly used in furniture and cabinets. Prices are more expensive, each ranging from 80 to 140 yuan. .


6, facings, manufacturing and wood-like effect. Plywood is made of high-grade wood-wood clear cutting of wood, very thin, the thinnest of only 0. .3mm, thick but also 2-3mm. Common wood color from light to dark, cherry, maple, white beech, red beech, ash, white oak, red oak, teak, rosewood, walnut, wood, red shadow soon for wood and other dozens of varieties, the price is not cheap. Extensive use of best buy for three plywood veneer. If you are to achieve unique effects, facings used for local use, you need high technology.


7, buy a water content compliance, and the treated wood. When the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content for the environment (such as the Beijing area the average water content was 11. .4%), Wood will dry and shrink, the contrary is hygroscopic expansion. Occurrence of cracking and deformation of wood is mainly due to the moisture content is too high or too low. Qualified timber to go through the plant and dry heat cooking process, the final moisture content to reach the local level. Therefore, the moisture content of wood is especially important. .


8, experts told us: don't figure cheap, very low material are often crude and formaldehyde excessive material. It is best to purchase the formal market, purchasing channels comparison here. Buy brand materials. Because wood is the main member of home decoration, a large number of purchase, be careful when buying, preferably with some experience or professional procurement. You can also purchase a delegate, a decoration company is that they have the quality stable supply unit prices may be lower, and second, once the quality problems, accountable, problem solved.

】 【Ceiling. .


Smallpox (Board), also called a ceiling or roof. The ceiling decoration material is mainly based on the name of the ceiling: gypsum plasterboard ceilings, gypsum board ceilings, splint smallpox, profiled strips aluminium buckle ceiling, square painted aluminium buckle ceiling, painted glass ceilings, etc. Such as aluminum plates made of smallpox, we usually call it "aluminium buckle ceiling." Here we take a look at the various features of ceilings. As regards the specific data, see the other sections.


Gypsum board ceiling metal frame. Gypsum plaster board is to embed the main raw material additives and fibers with light, heat insulation, sound absorption, non-combustible and can be sawed and other performance. Gypsum board and metal frame (made from galvanized sheet steel to suppress) the combination of gypsum board will constitute a metal frame. Gypsum board ceiling, metal frame has many types, including plasterboard, decorative gypsum board, gypsum fiber board, hollow gypsum lath, there is a variety of specifications. To now, using the metal frame for gypsum board ceilings partition walls and more, used less modeling of smallpox. .


Square ceiling used for commercial space, normal use 600mm×600mm specifications, Ariake bone bone and dark. Keel commonly used aluminum or iron. The main plate can be divided into plasterboard, calcium silicate Board and three kinds of mineral wool board.


Gypsum board has been in the preceding note, here calcium silicate board and mineral wool board. .


Calcium boards. Full fibre reinforced calcium silicate Board, it is made of siliceous materials (kieselguhr, bentonite, quartz, etc.), calcium, fiber, etc., as the main raw material, after pulping, became billet, steam curing, the surface sanding processes of light plate. Calcium silicate Board with light weight, high strength, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, fire, etc.; Another distinguishing feature is its ease of processing, unlike the gypsum board that reprocessing easy powder fragmentation.


Cotton Board. From the slag at high temperatures, high pressure, high-speed rotation, remove impurities, washed into mineral wool. Mainly by the mineral wool board mineral wool, adhesives, paper pulp, perlite composition. Calcium silicate board mineral wool board with similar features, but sound-absorbing performance than the gypsum board and calcium silicate boards better. .


Splint for smallpox. Splints are decorated ceilings are common. Splint (also called a plywood), is the logs after cooking softened along the ring cut into large sheets of thin, dry, finishing, coating, group, billet, hot pressing, cutting edge with lightweight, high strength, elasticity and toughness, good resistance to shock and vibration, easy processing and finishing, insulation, etc. Do the general use of smallpox 5mm splint, 3 mm is too thin to arch, the 9 mm is too thick. In fact, the reason lies in its welcome to easily create a wide variety of forms including smallpox, curved, round, side. . Another drawback is the interface of plywood will crack, the solution is to use putty to fill renovation interfaces. .


Painted aluminium buckle ceiling. Aluminum buckle shaped wood is mainly divided into bars, three square, grid.


Lvkou Ban strip paint the ceiling is a long bar of Lvkou Ban, generally applies to walkways and other areas, contribute to weakening of the narrow sense. Most home improvement has not used this material, and the main is not easily deformed and lose their luster. .


The name plate of aluminum square is divided into two 300mm×300mm, 600mm×600mm specifications. For the kitchen, toilets, smudges, the latter often being used in the Office and other commercial establishments. Square aluminum buckle is now the mainstream products.


Square Lvkou Ban divided into two kinds of porous and nonporous. Micro-style Lvkou Ban main advantage is its available ventilation, so that the moisture in humid areas toilet high into the top through the pores to prevent the formation of water droplets in the board traces. Be careful someone fake Lvkou Ban stainless iron, to verify the impure pure aluminum or aluminum or stainless iron, you can use magnets to verify, real aluminum does not absorb magnetic, while the second quality aluminum or false aluminum can absorb magnetic. But this method also is not a surefire plan for unscrupulous business methods can also be fake by degaussing this feature. .


Painted glass ceiling.


Ceiling decoration, in addition to selection, the main form of size proportionate. The former should be in accordance with individual treatment, which shall be to ergonomic, aesthetic as the basis for calculation. From the height, the headroom within the home improvement of not less than 2. .5 M. Otherwise, do not do as much as possible form of smallpox, the selection box decorative plaster line. .


Decorated with light steel keel gypsum board ceilings or plywood ceilings, painted on its surface, you should use gypsum powder sealed seams and then with sealing strip of paper dense before, painting.


Ceiling construction, no matter what kind of material should keep in mind that: Sealed! To prevent rats and cockroaches to do in their nest inside. .

【 】 Pipes.


Renovation project is a key hidden, and the laying of water pipes is the most important covert projects, once the water leakage, burst pipes, it means knocking on the wall hit the wall, damaged floor tiles, all the hard work wasted effort decoration, all the decorations effect down the drain! Visible, choose rest assured, durable water is important. .


First, understand the difference between the material and water:.


All concealed pipes laid in the use of national standard under the conditions of life are able to achieve five years. We need to buy safety and durability of water means that water is stable and reliable in life, no leakage occurs, the bursting of the family property damage incidents. To ensure long-term use, which requires water to corrosion, high temperature, frost, has good mechanical properties, deformation cracking. .


Currently on the market a wide range of pipes, such as water pipes, PPR PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe, aluminum-plastic composite pipe, tube, all-powerful PE-RT pipe, stainless steel tubes, and so on, let's take a look at the various material characteristics: mains.


1. . Aluminum-plastic composite pipe. .


Traditional cast iron pipe has the weight, short service life, easy rust permeability, easily scaling weakness; PVC pipes (blue) also have the strength, resistance to mechanical impact, penetration of light permeable (4) and aging fast, etc. To FOSHAN RIFENG represented manufacturers developed aluminum-plastic composite pipe overcomes these issues.


Features: aluminum plastic composite pipe under pressure and use by the temperature difference, generally divided into the cold water pipe (white), hot water pipe (red) and the gas tube (yellow). Production process to the middle layer for the thin-walled aluminum tubes as the base, the outer layer with a high quality medium density polyethylene (PE), with hot melt adhesive, made by one-step co-extrusion. Therefore, the plastic composite pipe has never scale, never rust, not easy to aging and chemical conditions. Long-term temperature plastic composite pipe can reach -10 ° C ~ 90 ° C, relatively strong pressure capacity. And environmental performance, health non-toxic anti-corrosion, is the green building materials.。.


Product enough:. .


(1) of the pipe under different temperature pressure cold water pipe to separate and hot tubs.


(2) operation is not convenient, non-professional highly trained installation staff works out of water leakage accident. .


(3) each branch of the inner diameter of the tube, in the dry season is too small to use hot water.


(4) construction of a metal tube and plastic pipe crimping together, as long-term expansion coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction lead to two different materials, waterproof silicon rubber ring causes rapid aging, loss of elasticity can not be waterproof after, the card compression fittings to connect part of the deformation caused by dislocation resulting in leakage. .


(5) if equipped with special-purpose stainless steel taps, resulting in the leakage points more [each raw winding up water silk tooth interfaces are hidden potential leakage points, a set of equipped stainless steel taps at least ten more of leakage points! maintenance a lot of trouble.


(6) the use of stainless steel splitter in the distribution system, a large number of pipe must be laid, and the price is the same size pipe PPR pipe 1. .5-Fold, with the specifications of the price of PPR pipe fittings 2 to 10 times the cost is very high. .


(7) at the time the installation is finished to suppress the test does not leak, but after a long time, because hot water Connector first enamel leakage, this has become already the use of aluminum-plastic composite pipe consumers very headache.


Summary: After a long period of use of many consumers, proved suitable only for clear plastic composite pipe laying equipment used to facilitate maintenance or replacement after the joint problem. If buried in walls, leaking is bound to hit the wall hit the wall, destruction of the decoration. This is basically water in 3,4 years after the first problem. However, aluminum-plastic composite pipe with excellent corrosion resistance, is ideal for pressure stability, no temperature difference between the gas pipeline, central air conditioning piping and compressed air piping. Therefore, many manufacturers produce aluminum-plastic composite pipe junction leakage in the pipeline can not solve problems, was forced to turn with the needs of the market development and production of new upgrade replacement pipe - PPR pipe. .


2. .PPR tube.


Aluminum plastic composite pipe PPR pipe is a replacement product. As currently occupy the mainstream of the pipe materials, has been fully recognized by the market. PPR pipe production factories nationwide have thousands. Technology is mature and manufacturers have Pilsa, Baidie, health water, treasure, Kinder, Taurus, Wei magnitude. .


Product features: PPR pipe look white, grey and green. Upscale PPR pipe inner, outer wall clean, smooth, no bubbles, depression, impurities and noise. Most of the manufacturers of raw materials are used in Finland, the Nordic chemical production of polypropylene, disposable feeding moulding production. PPR pipe environmental performance, health and non-toxic anti-corrosive, belongs to the green building materials. The construction is simple and convenient electrical water any professional has the fuser tools and a wealth of experience in the installation to complete the operation. . PPR pipe and scale have never, never rust, never leakage of chemical conditions. More importantly, such a performance superior to water, the price point is not expensive, very suitable for the use of ordinary household decoration. .


Product: insufficient.


(1) pipe by the temperature and pressure under different points of cold water pipes and hot water to control. .


(2) the thawing, not resistant to high temperature and high pressure, long-term operating temperature 0 ° C ~ 70 ° C.


(3) bright light transmission equipment will be oxygen permeability, long time and easy to breed bacteria. .


(4) poor resistance to UV rays, long aging.


(5) expansion coefficient, creep and strong, long-term use because of thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the tube. .


Summary: PPR pipes solve perennial water industry in pipeline junction leakage problem, but the construction is convenient, cost-effective, despite some shortcomings, but cannot obscure great virtues, still has a unique advantage. Consumers need to be aware of is that since the market brand range of quality differences are too great, the best raw materials is to select the brand purchase.


Practice shows that over 95% of pipe joint leakage due to use of inferior materials or the production of PPR pipe construction workers caused by irregular operation! . .


3. Aluminum-plastic composite pipe PPR.


PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe is a general improvement of pure plastic PPR pipe upgrade. Including steel-plastic composite PPR pipes, PPR plastic compound copper pipe and so on, all belong to the second generation of PPR pipe. On behalf of manufacturers have Kinder, Fu Hua, Bai Die so. .


Product features: PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe sets pure aluminum-plastic composite pipe and plastic in PPR pipes, installed regardless of cold water pipes and hot water pipes. Production process for welding of aluminium pipe, for middle-tier layer for heat-resistant polyethylene (PE), outer imported III-polypropylene (PPR), by hot melt Adhesive, high pressure once a co-extruded composite molding. Production technology and process than pure plastic PPR pipe to improve a lot. PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe with excellent mechanical properties, bending, impact resistance. Anti-UV, not 4. Long-term operating temperature-10 ° C ~ 95 ° C, with a steady state of better, difficult to deformation, non-scaling, excellent chemical resistance. Interface with hot melt connection (part PPR aluminum compound pipe construction steady twist when I connect, slightly cumbersome), the same material one-time fusion pipe fittings as a whole, will not be leakage. PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe and the overall cost and high-grade compared to pure plastic PPR is also almost the same, more cost effective. .


The product is not enough: PPR aluminum-plastic composite pipe inner diameter of the pipes in the assurance standards-compliant, the outer layer of relatively PPR is too thin. So hot-melt connection time is very difficult to grasp, prone to leak connectors. If a consumer purchases the production technology of low or poor raw material-plastic composite pipe PPR, then after prolonged use, will open the plastic pipe, pipe explosion caused cracks or leaks might.


Summary: international and domestic manufacturers in order to avoid defects on the generations of water, but also maximize the good performance of PPR pipes are in the production technology improvement, introduction of aluminum plastic composite pipe PPR. But this is only a transitional product, a lot of PPR aluminum compound pipe leakage is because the professional plumbers do not master the result of melting of the time. Consumers must pay attention in the choice of professional plumbers and electricians in the operation techniques familiar unskilled. .


4. .PE-RT tube.


The high density polyethylene pipe can not withstand high temperatures above 95 ° C, indoor hot water supply can not solve the problem, so pipe manufacturer introduced a new heat pipe PE-RT. .


Product features: PE-RT pipe installation and hot water without distinction, have the thermal conductivity of small heat-resistant, smooth inner surface, good elasticity, the chemical structure of stability, General acids has good corrosion resistance, etc. Long-term operating temperature-20 ° C ~ 110 ° C in the case of a steady state of better, difficult to deformation, chemical performance. Interface with customer specific tools (adopting some PE-RT tube-hot melt connection inside and outside), the same material pipes and fittings, fusion, leakage phenomenon does not occur. But the cost is too high PE-RT tube, most manufacturers will work well in the heating system PE-RT.


Product enough: PE-RT pipes and the high cost of pure plastic PPR pipes 2 times. In connection with the special hot-melt machine must be construction, unskilled construction will lead to greatly increase the possibility of joint leakage. .


Conclusion: the high cost and construction must be dedicated device is PE-RT tube not civilians cause difficulties caused extensive promotion.


5. . Round tube. .


The full name of the Almighty tube is FR-PPR fiberglass reinforced composite pipe. Phil Patton from Germany to introduce synchronization of production technology and advanced equipment, the use of Nordic chemical production of raw materials, Germany DIN8078 standards production DIN8077, senior home dedicated new health water pipes. On behalf of the manufacturers have dahua, Hunt, etc..


Features: multi-layer co-extruded round tubes, low temperature and other international leader in high-speed special production process, solve the aluminum, copper and plastic, steel and other metal composite pipe layer problems; and combine the advantages of all the water on as the same as in the cement reinforcement bars, tubing, seismic strength of a grade higher than other products. Installed regardless of hot and cold water pipes. Temperature can reach 120 ° C, frost resistance up to -40 ° C. And health non-toxic, corrosion resistance without fouling, hot water, no smell after release. Low coefficient of expansion without distortion, anti-aging UV is not easy, can be used to open out equipment.。 Voltage standards higher than the national standard design pressure, so the service life of up to 70 ~ 80 years. Construction is simple and convenient, no professional water electrician with ordinary hot tools can complete the operation. With the material of pipes and fittings in few seconds full integration, once the installation is completed by suppressing the doctrine would not be complete or not leaking, lifelong maintenance. Universal pipe with numerous advantages, can be widely used in the replacement of existing piping systems and a variety of fields. Best of all, universal tube as are not affected by the impact of metal prices, cost than pure plastic PPR pipe height less than 20%, is very suitable for consumers concerned about the purchase.


Product enough: the plastic to the water industry, all-around performance management products on behalf of the current international advanced level. If the current can not be further from the materials further improvement is still no substitute for all-round management of new products. However, consumers must pay attention to is this: even the best of any water, if not standard installation as construction workers, the same water pipe joints will cause leakage! . .


Summary: Universal Tube's advanced technology, stable quality, field of application is wide, construction is simple, without special tools to connect with maintenance-free, and the overall cost is reasonable, the so-called "all the ultimate plastic water pipe", shall be capable of wide application and dissemination of the mainstream market.


6, stainless steel tube. .


Product feature: the thin-walled stainless steel pipes with light weight, non-deformation, corrosion-resistant, non-scaling, etc., is in the water. It is an environmentally friendly material, to meet the health requirements, can be 100% recycling. Stainless steel pipe can-270 ° C-400 ° c temperature long-term security, and other various performance far exceeded plastic pipes. Interface of entrapment and welding. . Oxidation of stainless steel pipes will not rust, normal life can be up to 100 years. .


The product is not enough: the construction of complex conditions, technical requirements. The price is very high, generally less used in home decoration.


Summary: stainless steel pipe is the standard of elite products, cost is pure plastic PPR pipe 3 to 5 times, only for the high-end market. .


Second, learn about price, market.


In general, about 100M square meters of housing (a kitchen and a washing two health) using PPR pipe prices in 600 ~ 1000 yuan, with a round aluminum tube or pipe PPR price of 800 to 1400 yuan. These prices should be acceptable to most families. It is worth mentioning that we in the choice of water pipes, water mains must have to understand how the price is calculated. Typically, the decoration laying water pipes, fittings, accessories and the total will account for two thirds of the total cost, while the total price of the pipe itself is only one-third of the total cost.。 This point is that many consumers are completely unimaginable.


PPR water pipe is now a national market, the well-known brands Pilsa, Kinder, Baidie, Taurus, Japan Feng, Wei-Shui Po, water, Dr. Dahua Almighty, Almighty Hunter brands. These brand quality products, and mutual advantage, are worthy of our trust. Among them, Pilsa, Baidie, Wei Bao's profile higher water prices are high; and Kinder, Taurus, UOB Almighty is made on behalf of PPR pipes, water pipes performance, life and other key indicators to a very high standard, cost is high. In order to use rest assured, it is recommended you select the above description of these well-known brands. .

【 】 Paint.


Coatings and paint in fact no difference, can be understood as the same thing two call. Chinese consumers are accustomed to water-based paint called paint, oil paint painting called, is not accurate. .


Market: products categorized.


Interior wall paint for interior wall decoration. .


Exterior wall coatings for exterior wall decoration.


Wood for the wood surface decoration, can be broken down for use on wood floors Wood floors and other surfaces. .


Metallic paint, decorative metal surface.


Floor paint, concrete floor for the indoor and outdoor decoration. .


Coating, it can be said is the variety, versatility, performance varies. Coatings for many classification methods, you typically have the following classifications:.


(1) The form can be divided into water-based paint coatings, solvent coatings, powder coatings, high solids coatings;. .


(2) according to construction methods can be divided into brush coating, spray coating, roller coating, coated paint, electrophoresis coating, etc.;.


(3) The construction process can be divided into primer, the coating, paint (two primers), paint, varnish, etc.;. .


(4) press the functionality can be divided into decorative coating, anti-corrosion Coatings, conductive coating, rust-proof coating, heat resistant coatings, thermochromic coatings, insulation coatings, etc..


(5) can be divided by use of architectural coatings, can coatings, automotive coatings, aircraft coatings, appliance coatings, wood coatings, bridge coatings, plastic coatings, paper coatings. .


Latex paint and wood coatings consumption calculation.


Paint:. .


Desired coating area/single barrel single pass coating area × number = you need brushing the required number of barrels.


1,5 L packing list over the brush area of about 60 square meters / times, need to brush 2 times. .


2, in proportion to the dilution, the excessive dilution affects the performance of the film.


3, need to brush area is calculated (gross): Smallpox area + wall area. .


Smallpox: the area that corresponds to the ground.


Calculation of the wall: the corresponding room floor area × 2 (window size of this factor, as adjusted). .


Wood coatings:.


Need to brush an area / group of single-pass single-brushing area × be brushing the number of times the number = the required group. .


1, oil paint, single group (5KG/group) coating area (theoretical value): 75-80 sqm/again, about brushing 2 times.


2, water-based paint per barrel (2. .5 KG) brushing area (theoretical value) :70-80 sq m / times, about brushing 2 times. .


3. coating area is calculated: the plywood sheets × 3 (leaflet facings area 2. .97 square meters).


Note: The above data according to the thickness of plate pores and process (brushing, spraying; open, closed, etc.) are subject to change. .

【 】 Wallpaper.


Wallpaper with its colorful style, color and color, are more and more users prefer, while the wallpaper its unique texture, it makes it compared with the coating and ceramic tiles, do have some charm. .


(1) the kind of wallpaper.


① paper wallpaper: can printed or embossed, substrate permeability, so that the outside wall of water in the distribution of grass-roots, not cause discoloration, drum package and so on. This wallpaper is cheaper, but easy to wear and yellowing, no water, not easy to clean, not easy to construction, there is less production. .


② plastic wallpaper: the use of PVC plastic, very rich varieties, colors, decoration is the most widely used as a wallpaper, and after coating, printing, production, flexible, abrasion resistant, scratch acid and alkali resistance, sound insulation features. Plastic wallpaper and are usually divided into ordinary wallpaper, wallpaper, etc., each sparkling a class is divided into several varieties of each species is further divided into a variety of colours. Ordinary wallpaper includes monochrome embossing, stamp embossing, embossed peace light embossing, is currently the top wallpaper. Foam wallpaper high foam printing, low foaming printing and embossing, foam printing. . Low foaming wallpaper surface pattern with the color of the bump map, there are imitation wood, parquet, tiles and other simulation results, design realistic, three-dimensional feeling, good decorative effect, suitable for indoor wall panels, decorative living room and corridors inside the building. .


③ fiber wallpaper: linen, grass and other plant fibers, is a kind of decoration materials, texture, non-toxic, breathable, sound absorption, both natural and harmonious and natural beauty. But its production process is complex and expensive. Fiber wallpaper-pull strength is 5 times faster than ordinary wallpaper, smudging, not only water available, more available brush off.


④ Textiles Wallpaper: more popular nowadays is the use of silk, wool, cotton, linen and other fibers woven, good texture, good permeability, but expensive. This wallpaper decorated with the environment, gives a noble elegant, soft and comfortable feel. Such wallpaper easy to plot the surface dust, easy to clean, and use equipment to be equipped with dust collector, it can be used as walls and ceilings High room decoration. .


⑤ metal wallpaper: a base coating metal membrane made of wallpaper, wallpaper constitute line exception grandeur, a magnificent, majestic and elegant feel. And its resistance is good, easy to use in a warm atmosphere in places such as hotels, restaurants, etc..


⑥ cloth wallpaper: is a new wallpaper, also known as wall covering. It is also a kind of fabric wallpaper, but it should be used with paint, color can be any color with the paint itself deployment. .


(2) how to choose the wallpaper.


Wallpaper generally 10 meters long, wide and 0. .52 M, an area of about 5. .2 Square meters. Specifically in the purchase process, should note the following:. .


① see wallpaper on the surface the existence of chromatic aberration, wrinkles and bubbles wallpaper flowers in case if it is clear, the color is uniform. Consumers should choose Finish good wallpaper.


② can touch it wallpaper, paper Bohou consistency, feel better, punch and strong product sense, the object should be the first consideration. You can also cut a piece of wallpaper sample, wipe with a damp paper to see if there bleaching phenomenon. .


③ choosing wallpaper that you want to see the number of purchased wallpaper is consistent with the batch number, because even though the same number of wallpaper, but due to different production dates, colors will occur subtly different, often difficult to detect at the time of purchase until the stick on the wall. Each volume wallpaper batch that is representative of the same color, so you should avoid the wallpaper color inconsistencies, decorative effect.


④ smell the pungent odor should not be, but also check the environmental performance of adhesive. .

Monday, dress; monkeys.


Tuesday, monkey hungry;. .


Wednesday, monkeys climb;.


Thursday, monkeys take a test;. .


Friday, the monkey to contest;.


Saturday, monkeys to show;. .


Week seven, monkey paint.

Ms. neuropathy bank money one afternoon, my classmates in the CCB is very boring work, a poorly dressed woman (neuropathy) came to his window and gave him a note to withdrawal. .


Note that XX "is sent to your Bank Office, Comrade renminbi.


L N then back more than zero dollars. .


Ascribe is *** C. .P wimming ***.


I have students who want to alarm, to see the neurotic woman very serious look, think or forget to play the security issue. . (~ Estimated that security is also very busy). .


Sure enough, the Secretary said: "you this note you want to draw, you must first find the opposite the police station that covers a chapter Director, he finished chapter, you'll pick up the money is no problem. " 。.


The woman without thinking, went directly to the police station was. (This really is not general security, usually a little underestimate him). .


Probably more than 10 minutes, the customer more slowly, the woman's back, holding the note and said, "they say, the Office program simplifies, Director of the Group of direct can collect the money. " 。.


My students to go on hearing this lament: pol. . Ice really skilled are the ranks, a "high profile" gave sent back. .


My classmates and the security that was just a bit silly, Business Hall there is a lot of people are afraid of her mental illness episode, it affects the normal order, had to shift supervisor to be found.


Female patients while competent and talk with, ask what you withdraw money with ah, female patient said: "withdraw money selling bread, cakes, food, sold through the" competent pointed to a place not far from the Women happily away on it. .


Security to consult "tactics", in charge of the then this is the case on female patients said: "we are building a house bank, only to get money here. You collect the money to buy food, that is certainly going to food, agriculture, buy something, such as worn by withdrawing money to the Bank! ".


I admire the students psyche Yeah, in the end is when the head ah!!!!. .


…………。.


... ... ... .... .


After a while, the Lady is back. bring ICBC's answer: "who said the agricultural Bank of China, agricultural Bank of China, here is the only farmers can collect the money, I'm the urban population, ICBC said, we are here, only public pick, mother no!!!!, said I am a bitch to get money to the Bank.


My classmates, security, supervisor, Kuangyun. .

1. why HB just wear pants? s because they have no Q!.


2, Why China is the world's most mysterious country? Because the President is who, the Prime Minister is when. .


3. a boy is a boy, two monks, three monks, four monks play mahjong, five monks can go to play friendlies.


4, listen to Jun's words, holy warriors go to school. .


5. what things? Say you!.


6, comparative study of their own rise look. .


7, woman is the man in the water, mud, your distinction is made of cement.


8, mantis catching cicadas, Nu Wa fishing days, catch the sheep in prison, and getting caught short - Sitaimingbu. .


9, Jin Yong wrote 14 book can even become a couplet: "shooting shot white deer, laughing God-man against the Pitt books Uyen" J. .K. Lorraine 7 book written by or even one sentence: "HA, HA, HA HA HA HA HA HA".

One day on a bus, due to overcrowding and a woman collided. .


Flappers glance back: "do you have a disease?".


Men's baffled and replied: "Do you have medicine?." .


Car concealed!.


Women feel angry and replied: "Do you have mental illness ah?." .


Man cold face: "you can cure?".


All vehicles were hilarious! . .


The bus driver to stop, lie on the wheel!.


This is the Zhujiang friends met at work. .


。.

Super-crowded buses, one woman stood in the doorway. .


Way from the car behind, a GG.


With that woman say "so what, get off", the woman drops of wood are fixed. .


GG squeeze past just stepped on her.


Results The woman was amazing, and stop the curse, "You crazy ah! Neuropathy ah you! Also super loud, and made all cars behold. .


GG has trees, get off at the time of forbearance, go back to the woman said, "the Repeater you!".


All vehicles were laughing raucously ~! . .


After a few funny kid, with a scene from the play, just now.


A said, "You crazy, yeah you!. B said," You Repeater, yeah you. ".


The whole car people baoxiao ~!.


Later, small MM get off the train, squeezing drops of the past Qieqie said, "even ~ even ~ Random Thoughts continue, even not crazy ~!." .


The whole car again baoxiao ~!.


Wood woman has to speak, but words floated from the side, "You is not no electricity." .


The whole car people more than ~ baoxiao!.

Two frogs in love, get married, a skin disease epigenetic clams ugly woman,. .


Upon seeing this, furious public frog said: bitch, why?.


Cried the mother frog: his father, to know you before I had the whole volume. .


(Love needs to trust the) dog bear said: marry me, will you marry me happiness.


Bear said: they will not marry it, marry your health will bear, I want to marry a cat, Health panda that was honorable too!. .


(Marriage of reason).

Ministry of Education, the following explanation of the correct idiom 9. .


1. know books: only know book knowledge is not enough, but also learn how to give gifts;.


2. . Days feel like years: that the days when civil servants, very much, the same day as Chinese New Year;. .


3. Ocean: refers to the civil service, Office of drinking tea every day, you can get to the end, you can buy a car;.


4. . Contentment: that someone please your feet, heart felt happy;. .


5. don't forget: see pretty specific wanted to move to live; she go there.


6. . Earnestness: the heavy words of others, and heart grudge for a long time;. .


7. an opportunity: to go out on a plane can take;.


8. . Ignorance: a waste of effort not to learn things that are not practical;. .


9. the wife quotes the husband husband into the stars to sing, his wife tracking trailing.

Difficulties in life:. .


Rich you must become bad; you really failed;.


Accomplished it, that you will speculation; no success it that you good for nothing;. .


If you really bad; without love you a pervert!.

Used the leadership called artifacts, people used to call waste;. .


Leadership lame that stick to the truth, people argue that vexatious;.


Leadership shake the hand of the people called care, people shake the hand is called curry favor with the leadership;. .


Leadership do stupid things that anecdote, called fool people do wrong;.


Valentine called Xiao Mi leadership, people lover called a tramp. .

The law: women and men are different.


Man loves a woman poetry association, a woman loves a man would be a dream;. .


She often women to men, women often chop;.


Woman locked up spoiled, man forte is lying. .


Woman happiness lies: he really love me.


Woman kissing a man regarded as a kind of happiness. .


Man kissing a woman is a real treat;.


When a woman is desperate and a man she would marry. .


When a woman and he divorced;.


When women do make a man lover sad. .


A wife when a woman will give men a headache.

Of the poor rich:. .


The money owed to individuals is poor, the money owed to the State; the rich.


Drink to see the degree of the poor, the rich drink brand watch;. .


Writing books is poor, piracy is the rich;.


Eating poultry is poor eating beast of a rich man;. .


Farming land is poor, the sale of the land of the rich;.


Woman to others is the poor sleep and sleep another woman is rich. .


The poverty and prosperity: new solutions.


Poor, pig, wealthy dog;. .


Poverty after rice, affluent; grass.


Poor, marry his wife, looking after the rich lover;. .


Poverty is a wife and Secretary, the Secretary and his wife after the wealthy.

Shajiao white-collar? . .


Today, a salary, but also a loan, paying the rent, utilities, bought oil, rice and noodles, touch pocket money left, laments: this month's wages and white-collar workers.


White-collar workers who wish Happy Mid-Autumn Festival earlier. .

Foreman said the fast until pay, a calculation of your own accommodation, meals, working time, medical expenses, less than 100, the boss will not bother to pick up, called blue collar ~.


Good blue-collar workers who are ahead of Happy Mid-Autumn Festival. .

A: your annual income? B: 960 million. A: that there are 80 million a month, Oh! B: Yes, this is the basic salary. A: bad, what to do? B: never dreamed of.

1, download attachments extract, select PPPoE_kit directory, edit the pppoe. . Txt file, UserName and Password fields with your own online user name and password and save. .


Remember when you want to add the @ username and domain name suffix, Oh. Finally, all files are copied to the \Windows\.


2, modify the registry. .


(1) the import of two registry files and pppoe. .reg import .reg pppoe1. finished last in the registry editor to check whether the following registry keys are present,.


If you find that does not exist or import fails, you have to manually set up by the following key values associated. .


[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\PPPOE]。.


"DisplayName" = "Microsoft PPPoE driver". .


"Group"="NDIS"。.


"ImagePath" = "pppoe.. Dll". .


[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\PPPOE\Linkage]。.


"Route" = multi_sz: "PPPOE1". .


[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\PPPOE1]。.


"DisplayName" = "Microsoft PPPoE driver". .


"Group"="NDIS"。.


[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ Comm \ PPPOE1 \ Parms]. .


"BusNumber"=dword:0。.


"BusType" = dword: 0. .


"DisablePowerManagement"=dword:1。.


"MaxLines" = dword: 3; <- default 1 (Line0, Line1, Line2). .


"MaxSendPackets"=dword:30 ; <-- default is also 30。. default="" is="" also="">


(2) new multi-string value in [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ Comm \ PPPOE1 \ Parms] next. .


Name is the value for you, Line3 wireless NIC name plus 1. Wireless network connection name can be found under HKLM\Comm\.


Such as my D700, the wireless settings to display the card type is tiacxwln Compatible Wireless Ethernet Driver. .


Found under the HKLM\Comm\ tiacxwln and Line3 tiacxwln1, then fill in the values of tiacxwln1.


3, New PPPOE link that must be invoked through the command line to generate rasentry, you can choose one of two ways. .


Method (1) delete registry entries [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Drivers\Console].


"OutputTo" = dword: ffffffff, have to remove, not even the. .


And then set the compression bag PPC_CMDTools all corresponding directory in the file copied to the \Windows, do \windows\cmd. will come out a .exe dos command line window.


In the window in the implementation of "rasentry \ windows \ pppoe.. Txt" implementation of a link can be built. .


Method (2) use of the quick menu QuickMenu software (in this edition of ask a download) with "run." Features, fill in the "command" parameter rasentry fill ".txt" \windows\pppoe., click OK.


4, PPPOE dial-up. .


After performing \Windows\connmc, open a connection manager, double-click the PPPoE connection to dial-up.


In fact, at home more convenient and direct route. But outside of public places, sometimes only Telecom Wireless LAN network coverage, and Wireless LAN usually requires authentication, and then to show the role of PPC PPPOE dial up. .

Your room is always a mess? instant time he would have spent the last days to clean up the room, but probably a few days later, the whole room is a mess.

Introduction of home magazines are luxurious large chamber, the kind of ornate decoration seems too far away from reality. .

In fact, whether it is a big house or small Chamber, learn how to incorporate and consolidation is a very crucial step. If you like shopping in ikea, from those sample room to learn how to use space and storage techniques.


Closet Storage Method. .

Closet in the House of your favorite space capacity maximum, with superior reception capabilities. ..

However, making best use of very few, most people will feel disturbed. . .

Because there is no shelf space become vain, 50% of the whole are not very good reception. If a plug for many, will gradually forget to put in the following, and everything what it is.

Closet shelves and too deep and there is no interval, it is not convenient to pack small things. .

When it comes to reasons, the usefulness of the closet is admitted "quilt". More than just the past quilt reception in the quilt so no interval or anything, now the closet will often be used to clean up other stuff, so you want to take advantage of the closet space for storage.

Points 1, with shelves, partitions, drawers and other small things separate. .

Points 2, frequently used things to put in the most accessible places.

Point 3, where admission decisions according to the use and classification. .

Points 4 drawers in the line of sight below.

5 points, light things up above, re-released the following things. .

上： 。.

Difficult to access areas. Larger boxes and quilts. The storage box in front of the handle easily. Seasonal changes can be placed only under the use of some things and not used the old stuff. But can not put heavy things. .

There is a ladder or reach, something that can be placed no..

In:. .

Access the most relaxed Gold zone. You can receive daily common things. Reception of clothes you can use the drawer and hangers. If you just put the quilt can receive box placed in the following, the effective use of space.

Location inside the invisible, but easier to get at. Separated with a rack of small things on the box, you can incorporate things like clothes and bags, including first aid boxes, groceries, and less frequently used books and old magazines. . .

下： 。.

Squatted down to take things very easy, you can put clothes, iron, vacuum cleaners, children's toys. Often used to put some things, you can use the racks, special racks, drawers, cabinets and so on. .

It can incorporate electrical appliances is not commonly used, but it is necessary to pay attention to moisture.


Incorporating the kitchen. .

Usually people will think it is very difficult to clean up the kitchen, but for the purpose of "cooking", simple.

1, with minimal movement access. .

2, various dimensions, the shape of things to take away.

3, clean a even in the narrow kitchen, dishes and condiments will also be used to get people tired. Want Haohao De cooking, in the "refrigerator - Cooking Desk - Storage rack" move 2-3 steps between the distance. Things on the hand or the stride just could reach. .

In the kitchen, something should also be aware that regular use of the things you want to put in place tend to take things to put in the following. Easy to distinguish things to avoid water display.

Specific place. .

Above the kitchen: because they are too high, it is not easy to get to place long-term unused stuff. Easier to get on the sauce, and other easy-damp things.

Cooking sets: easy to take place, but because of less space, so place frequently used spices and detergents, sponges. . .

Drawer: second tend to take things in place. In order to put a spoon, measuring cups, scissors, bottle opener and other things you want to use frequently...

The following shelf: probably because there is no fixed shelf drain so you can avoid the drain with some shelf display things like tray. Can not bend easily accessible place to put frequently used tools and other great dishes. Bottom is wet, place the bottle is not wet like something or not to use heavy tools. .


Toilet reception points.

Because it is easy to dirty the place and so it need cleaning. Hope to show to the guests clean side. .

The shelf is necessary.

If not fixed, can also be set up near the ceiling where special shelves for the storage of toilet paper or something. If you do not want to be seen by others can be covered by curtains and other things. .

In order to facilitate clean cannot directly display. Like health supplies, toilet paper and other things you can use the ingathering box placed neatly. With adorable deodorant, beautiful paintings there grocery let toilets became nice!.

Sink -. .

Use numerous cleansing stage laid basis for cosmetics, SOAP, toothbrush, toothpaste, hair products, because there are so many little things to make good use of the narrow space for finishing.

On. .

Every day that you want to use SOAP, toothpaste, toothbrush based cosmetics etc are placed in the location of the accessible. Easy things you can put down in the box. Some can be decorative nicer green plants and cute groceries.

In. .

If you have space to put thin of drawers. Storage of cosmetics, kitchen towels, underwear, etc. things very practical.

Next. .

The wash water below to avoid the use of shelves kitchen. Putting toothpaste, hair, shampoo, Bath liquid, detergent, such as inventory and wipe out the goods.

Page 1: Contents. .

Page 2: HD development history and current status.

Page 3: HD Concept primary Getting Started - Glossary. .

Page 4: uncompromising two Blu-ray camp (on).

Page 5: never compromise on the two Blu-ray camp (the next). .

Page 6: compression is key-HDTV encoding process.

Page 7: H. H.264 is MPEG4? The difference between them? . .

Page 8: VC-1-Microsoft hegemony.

Page 9: Comparison of various coding detailed specifications. .

Page 10: end users like what number?.

P. 11: Bowl a good or a large pot? Package format Xiang Jie-AVI. .

Page 12: Bowl or pot? packaging format Pro-TS.

P. 13: Bowl a good or a large pot? Package format Xiang Jie-MKV. .

Page 14: what is a HTPC.

P. 15: HDMI importance of a: DVI simply can not be replaced. .

Page 16: the importance of second HDMI: prevention of gray-scale loss of signal.

Page 17: HDMI importance of the three: the improvement compared to DVI and upgrades. .

Page 18: AVIVO HD and PUREVIDEO HD technology comparison (part one).

P. 19: AVIVO HD compared with PUREVIDEO HD technology introduction (below). .

Page 20: DXVA decoder, separator and the concepts.

P. 21: PowerDVD open hardware solution set guidelines. .

Page 22: ultimate decoding as well as perfect decoding Setup Guide (part I).

P. 23: the ultimate decoding, and decoding the perfect setup guide (below). .

Page 24: KMPlayer Player Setup Guide (part I).

P. 25: KMPlayer Player Setup Guide (below). .

P. 26: KMPlayer player H .264 hard set... solution guide

Page 27: KMPlayer player set VC-1 hardware solution guide. .

Page 28: KMPlayer player settings MPEG2 hardware solutions guide.

P. 29: How to confirm that they have open hardware acceleration (on). .

30 page (s): how to make sure that you have open hard Acceleration (below).

P. 31: Dual-core is also the food - the Tower of Babel H. .264 1080p presentations and comments. .

Page 32: the highest bit-rate 40M-007 Royal Casino H .264 1080p,.,..

P. 33: the best screen / hardware requirements than - Flags of Our Fathers H. .264 1080p presentations and comments. .

Page 34: best picture/bit rate than-Pirates of the Caribbean H .264 1080p,.,..

Page 35: Network HDTV film on behalf of - Dreamgirls VC-1 1080p presentations and comments. .

Page 36: picture beyond H .264-King Kong VC-1.1080p describes and comments.

P. 37: Get the lead out - Arms MEPG2 1080p presentation and comment. .

Page 38: We killed 720P/1080I!..

Page 39: All testing platform to introduce and test instructions. .

The first 40 pages: what encoding most eating CPU ones.

Page 41: Your CPU, to meet the H264/VC-1/MPEG2 film source software solutions requests? . .

Page 42: graphics core frequency on video acceleration whether watching video need to buy a high-frequency card?.

Page 43: a new generation of graphics card video acceleration in the help of different sources on-chip CPU requirements. .

44 page (s): AMD/INTEL CPU up to 11 of pure soft extract test-H. .264.

Page 45: AMD / INTEL CPU up to 11 models of pure soft extract test-VC-1. .

P. 46: AMD/INTEL CPU up to 11 of pure soft extract test-MPEG2.

P. 47: ATI / NVIDIA graphics cards up to 12 hard-decompression test-H. H.264. .

Page 48: ATI/NVIDIA for up to 12 video hard to extract test-VC-1.

P. 49: ATI / NVIDIA graphics cards up to 12 hard-decompression test-MPEG2. .

Page 50: are there differences between how the soft decoding?.

The first page. . This is a "HD" era. .


Objectively speaking, TV has hundreds of millions of Chinese families, to become one of the basic elements of social existence. Even the basic necessities, and became the indispensable elements of life. Television is the first involving the HD scope, is also the main areas covered in HD.

However, the scope of HD can be much more than a HDTV will be able to explain more clearly, which were included HD DV, HD computers, high-definition projector, high-definition video, high-definition discs (Blu-ray and HD-DVD) and even the PS3, Xbox 360 and other high-definition game consoles, maybe in the future we will come across more information on the definition and high definition term. .

This year, is a high-definition of a year, we saw not only the high-definition in the traditional areas of progress achieved, even horn has the PC industry. Because now HDMI network media player as the next-generation Blu-ray storage camp never to develop, market and rare few HD player either because the price is too high, or small factory workshop DIY products, plus the whole ones is very rare, and now serves as the only hi-def players fall into the PC's body.

PC as a general-purpose processor CPU reasons, as long as performance is strong enough, there are inputs (network film source), there is output (HDTV, large-size display), you can achieve a part-time high-definition player functions. But high-definition video is not the role of a good phase, especially the 1080P and the current fixed rate is 20mbps-chip source, so now even the most bovine B, Core 2 Duo are not competent.。.

Is this the beginning of our introduction. Please select your favorite chapters, or in accordance with the order step by step understanding of HD. .

The second page. HD development history and current status.

Objectively speaking, television has infiltrated into the hundreds of millions of Chinese families, as the basic element of social existence. And even basic necessities, like, become an indispensable element of life. .


Remember a few years ago, everywhere in the fight for digital/digital television concept, this is the beginning of the earliest DTV. Using digital (digital) as a transport/storage format, and the abandonment of traditional analog manner as PC developed new technology that has affected the traditional areas of home appliances.

Digital transmission / storage of the biggest advantages that can not be done more clearly, store content and more, in fact, the existing high-end traditional analog technology is now the number is still not overloaded; but in the transmission, storage can be done without prejudice - - This can be copied from the files on the PC on to see if there are no special circumstances, the file no matter how many times copy all the files and the most original is exactly the same. The analog signal, even further clear with little distortion in the reproduction of 10, the results are appalling. That is the biggest advantage of digital signals that can be done without distortion. .

It is precisely because there is no distortion occurs, on the basis of high-definition 1920 birth and renewal-HDTV (High Definition Television) is defined as high-definition digital TV output technology.

Although HD is now the most IN terms, but must search up until 1970. HD is also a history of "three" the history of experience in Japan, Europe and the United States in the chaos of battle. .

Japan and Europe in spite of the high-definition of the best early, but then the computer development as well as the surrounding development is still in its infancy, so only with analog technology. This is the Achilles heel of high definition technology.

This situation means that until the United States to high-definition technology in the future long-term strategic value, in 1996, using its own high technology and digital infrastructure, the United States FFC through the ATSC digital television standard as the American National Standards, in 1998 the first digital broadcast Type HDTV programs on behalf of the true meaning of the birth of HDTV, but also laid the status of the U.S. leader in HDTV. In the United States to determine, after the digital road, for Japan's high-definition is almost devastating. Fortunately, however, Japan has the advantage of the digital sense, after the research is also transferred to the figures, and from this, the basis of the digital high-definition standards established under the. .

But in China, full-HD era is in the creation of high-definition channels to CCTV represents.


The third page. . The concept of primary HD Getting Started - Glossary. .

But there are quite a few friends for the concept of high-definition of the concept of ambiguity, the author here briefly. HDTV (High Definition Television) is a high-definition digital TV output technology, "high-definition, can provide compared to traditional analog TV technology more high definition image quality. HDTV-high definition of the main problems it supports 1280 x 720, 1920 × 1080, respectively, 1080I/1080P 720p..

720/1080 refers to the resolution of 1280 × 720 and 1920 × 1080, that I and P are the mean? I on behalf of interlace, interlaced scanning. .


Is a Progressive, progressive scan. 720P bandwidth with 1080I, 1080I in sharpness is naturally higher in dynamic screen showed a smoother is 720P. And 1080P is taken into account the clarity and dynamic performance requirements also said, FULL HD, but it is also on the bit rate, the maximum storage space requirements for the format.

Speaking of digital, then we are sure to calculation of capacity, the length of each piece varies, the same size, but if with a total capacity divided by the time I could arrive at a comparable variable - bit rate. Determine the rate and time of a film's total capacity, while rate of the encoding / decoding processor will provide the appropriate requirements. In general, the higher the bit rate, the more clear sharp images, the more fluent, but storage capacity, and encoding / decoding requirements more stringent. .

HDTV in addition to the rate on a different encoding format, there are also different, now there are mainstream video, MPEG4, MPEG2. H .264 (MPEG4 AVC),/WMV9HD VC-1 (AVC-1). Different formats of compression and performance are vary, we will have a dedicated, now online often has only three, MPEG2, H .264, VC-1. ". Audio encoding format is AC3, DTS, AAC has recently EAC3 has meaning.

Because now many new sources originate from the on-line download, these films are re-packaged Yuan Yi Ban over, and its purpose is to better stock and on Chuanshu, and with the many vendors Ji Li promote their encapsulation formats and Now the Internet has a lot of packaging formats such as AVI, TS, MKV, the package format is the container, and video encoding and audio encoding is quite is so vegetables and rice, how to install, these meals, with the bowl and the pot there are certain requirements . This we have a dedicated following. .

Finished high-definition software/specifications section, we describe the hardware part.

From the DVD + /-W format began, the two camps to battle it out, eventually no one can conquer who, so the war would continue into the Blu-ray format war. Why is called Blu-ray, Blu-ray next generation optical disc belongs to the scope of its core technology to replace the red laser DVD blue laser storage technology in order to achieve higher capacity. .


Blu-Ray Disk is blue CD, DVD, next-generation standards, leading to Sony and Toshiba, Sony, Panasonic, Philips, has been a pioneer, Hitachi, Samsung, LG and other giants of support. The storage principle for Groove records, using the traditional Groove records, but by more advanced shake fibrillation addressing the larger capacity of storage and data management, has now reached 100GB shocks. Unlike traditional CD or DVD storage form BD discs than obviously bring better reflectivity and storage density, which is the key to achieving breakthrough capacity.

In contrast with the Blu-ray is HD-DVD camp, the original Toshiba has joined the Blu-ray camp, however, the distribution of benefits and technical features related to induce Toshiba categorically withdraw from the organization in favor of joint NEC developed Advanced Optical Disk, and get the DVD-Forum support and renamed HD DVD. As the Blu-ray DVD and current DVD format is not compatible with a direct increase of the transition to Blu-ray DVD manufacturers cost of production inputs, thus greatly delayed the next generation Blu-ray DVD standard process.。 By Toshiba and NEC joint launch of AOD technology compared to blue laser's biggest advantage is compatible with the current DVD, and also in the production of more difficult than Blu-ray DVD industry is much lower.

HDMI: HDMI full name in English is "High Definition Multimedia", meaning the Chinese High-Definition Multimedia Interface. HDMI interface can provide up to 5Gbps data transmission bandwidth, can send uncompressed audio signal and high-resolution video signals. At the same time without the signal before transmission / A or A / D conversion, can guarantee the highest quality audio and video signal transmission. HDMI and DVI on the pin-compatible, but with a different package, but its structure still has many differences. .

HDCP stands High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection, which is a "high-bandwidth digital content protection". Simply put, HDCP is to pass through the DVI interface of digital signals are encrypted, multimedia content issued-(computer, DVD, set-top boxes, etc.) and accept-Terminal (monitors, televisions, projectors, etc.) plus line of protection. This protection is mainly used to prevent the adoption of the digital signal is not legal to copy, but the digital signal content encryption, which makes it illegal to copy cannot be accurate content and satisfactory results. . .

4. never compromise of two great Blu-ray camp (on).

We are using mainstream optical storage DVD early in 1996 set the standard. DVD-VIDEO video resolution of 720x480 (NTSC format) or 720x576 (PAL format), are standard definition video (Standard-Definition, SD, standard definition) picture quality may be a few years ago seems very good, but times have changed it is now high-definition video (High-Definition, HD, standard definition) and the era of big-screen television, high definition television once experienced the effect of, no one will longer satisfied with standard definition video. .


DVD dilemma now is almost like that of the CD, as shown in Figure 1, we can see that the capacity of the storage media, the video stream on the amount of data and video storage time three relations. . The body of a new generation of magneto-optical storage increasing demand, bear the brunt of the film industry, film industry on the next generation of magneto-optical storage body made the following demands. .

1. civil specifications and PC specifications must be consolidated, 2, you must have the perfect copyright protection technology, 3, you must have sufficient capacity and manufacturing costs must be controlled in the same as with the existing DVD. You may not use a dedicated disk cartridge. 4, can achieve high definition resolution of 1920 × 1080 to be met with a variety of aspect ratios, and other functions. 5, can achieve a multichannel audio, and other functions. 6, can play DVD video discs and previous standard audio format. 7, and Internet collaboration features. Dialogue-oriented operations can be realized. 8, you can use the existing DVD authoring tools. 9. ensure reliability, such as to ensure that the same specifications disc playback compatibility.

Next-generation magneto-optical storage body had the two candidates, that is, HD-DVD and BLU-RAY DISC. HD-DVD camp led by Toshiba, including Microsoft, NEC, Sanyo, Intel and other manufacturers and movie studios such as Universal Pictures, BLU-RAY DISC camp led by Sony and Panasonic, including Pioneer, Philips, Apple, Mitsubishi, Samsung, Sharp, Pioneer, LG and other manufacturers and Fox, Walt Disney and other studios. .


BLU-RAY DISC using a shorter wavelength blue laser (laser, Blue or Blue Ray), this is the name of the origin of the "Blu-ray", the blue laser BLU-RAY use as a 405nm wavelength, greatly reducing the flute length and track pitch, so as to be able to record more than DVD under several times.

HD-DVD also uses a wavelength of 405nm blue laser, but, HD-DVD of the channel spacing to 0. .40 Μm, greater than the BLU-RAY DISC 0. .32 Μm, so the same case HD-DVD recording of the data capacity will be less than BLU-RAY DISC more for the single-sided single-layer discs with the case, a Blu-ray disc capacity of 25GB, while HD-DVD discs with a capacity of 15GB. .

Page 5: uncompromising two Blu-ray camp (below).

Blu-ray Disc physical specifications and CD / DVD discs are almost identical, the diameter remains and CD, DVD same as the 120mm, thickness is 1 too. .2 Mm, central hole, and other data are identical. Has announced single layer, single-sided dual-layer specifications. Single-sided single-layer Blu-ray disc capacity of 25GB (in fact there are 23. .3 GB, 25GB, 27GB of three), single-sided double-layer Blu-ray Disc's capacity is 50GB../S, .62MB DVD-ROM of 1 x 1. .32MB/s, 16X DVD-ROM speed of only 21. .12MB/s, in the face of high-definition video can be said to be deficient.

BLU-RAY DISC has ambitious plans, single-sided 4 layer and single-sided 8 layer Blu-ray Disc and the corresponding drive has been under development, single-sided 4 layer Blu-ray disc capacity will reach 100GB, while the single-sided 8 layer Blu-ray disc capacity is up to 200GB. BLU-RAY DISC speed of the future will be raised to 6X, and more. .

Currently there are three HD-DVD discs are HD-DVD specifications, including: single-sided single layer and single sided dual layered of 3X DVD-ROM, this is actually an improvement of the DVD disc, as the name suggests, it is three times the DVD of "enhanced version," in the same capacity and DVD-ROM, there is a single-layer capacity is 4. .7GB there is the capacity of single-sided double-layer 8. . The other is HD-DVD and SD-DVD hybrid specification, one is single-layer HD-DVD + single SD-DVD, CD-ROM for the double-sided, a capacity of 15GB +4. .7 GB = 19. .7 GB, one is single-layer HD-DVD + double SD-DVD, CD-ROM for the double-sided, a capacity of 15GB +8. .5 GB = 23. .5 GB, one is single-layer HD-DVD + SD-DVD, CD-ROM for the double-sided, a capacity of 30GB +4. .7 GB = 34. .7 GB, one is double layer HD-DVD + SD-DVD, CD-ROM for the double-sided, a capacity of 30GB +8. .5 GB = 38. .。 The last category is HD-DVD and SD-DVD double standard, currently only a single sided single layered, single sided single layered on a layer is a layer is HD-DVD SD-DVD, capacity is 15GB + 4. .7GB = 19. .7GB. Greater capacity, more layers of HD-DVD is also in development, it is expected that the single-layer capacity can also be reached 20GB or higher.

Now it seems, BD possession of Motion Picture support, video circulation, and other areas, and PS3 software release brings advantages, technology and technical reserves are more advanced than hddvd. .

HDDVD hold line configuration, hardware, equipment costs, reproduction costs, hardware costs, etc..

So now seems to prevail BD, BD and HDDVD, but have not yet entered a large number of popular stage, the current can be both hardware and software sales are very low, to become a mainstream need more time, so now not sure of its short-term period success or failure. First of all, the player who dropped the price to break through lines of consumer psychology, and content providers to secure more support, will be the most important key to victory. .

These two major standards meted difficult to use two or three sentences explain, though there are two competing camps bring technology and lower prices, but for the end user is concerned, the complexity of the standard makes it more difficult to achieve, is compatible with the present situation, it may be possible for the end user according to their own needs for the different camps buy one to two orders.

Page 6: Compression is the key-HDTV coding development process. .

Now that progress from DVD to HDDVD/BD, we see just the capacity of the storage media, video compression technology in the past few years has been rapid growth. We can thus calculate, storage capacity increased by 5 ~ 10 times the video compression technology if it can improve 2 ~ 3 times, then we will be in high definition is 10 ~ 30 times the leap!..

The video compression technology, will have to benefit from the DVD, HDTV, satellite TV, high-definition (HD) set-top boxes, Internet video streaming, digital cameras and HD camcorders, video disc library (video jukebox), high-end displays (LCD, plasma displays, DLP) and personal video cameras and other entertainment applications. .

Video compression are all exciting, new video products. Compression-decompression (coding) algorithm can achieve digital video storage and transmission.

We look at the request of the original video, standard definition NTSC digital video is usually 30 frames per second rate, using 4:2:2 YcrCb and 720, which required more than 165Mbps data rate. Save 90 minutes of video requires 110GB of space, or more than the standard DVD-R storage capacity of 25 times. Since such a demand is now clear that a large hard disk capacity can not meet, let alone more bottlenecks in the network to download from the poor rate. .

So the video compression is an inevitable trend of popularity of the video, but the types of video compression technology is also very much. How to select a video compression technology to become content providers and end users are the biggest challenges. Because it involves quite a lot of problems, whether it is a content provider or end users will care about their image quality/bit rate compression ratio. The content provider, but also concerned about the cost of patent rights and interests of gold, though, and our users do not have support for care, but this is often decided to our end users can use to video compression technology, the most important point. . .

In the video codec technology definition has two major standards bodies. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is dedicated to telecommunication applications, has been developed for low bit rate video phone h .26x standards, including .261, H H.. .263 .262, and H H.. .264; the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), primarily for consumer applications, moving picture compression MPEG standards are defined. MPEG standards including MPEG1, MPEG2 and MPEG4.

ITU and MPEG standards development process. .


In addition to the ITU and ISO development of industry standards, the emergence of several dedicated to Internet streaming applications, popular proprietary solutions, including Real Networks Real Video (RV10), Microsoft Windows Media Video 9 (WMV9) and ON2 VP6 series, Nancy. As a result of these formats in the content has been widely applied, so the proprietary codec technology can become industry standards. . The proposal was adopted, as now WMV9 has been SMPTE VC-1 standardization. .

Page 7: H .264 is MPEG4.,? the difference between them?.


Here that the question of why H. H.264 has been known as MPEG4-AVC, MPEG series of standards belongs to ISO / IEC, but on the other to the development of international communications standards-based agencies: ITU-T, the completion of H. .263 (Used for video conferencing streaming video standard) after the start of the more advanced H. ..264, ISO etc./IEC MPEG aspect called MPEG-4 Part 10 (part 10, also known as ISO/IEC 14496-10), Part 10 MPEG-4 another surrogate is MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding, advanced video coding), more than one name is actually a means, i.e. H. .264 = MPEG-4 Part 10 = ISO/IEC 14496-10 = MPEG-4 AVC.

Then, H. H.264 and MPEG-4 in the end what is the difference? More precisely, MPEG-4 Part 10 and MPEG-4 Part 2 What is the difference? Why the need to customize the MPEG-4 Part 10 do? Directly follow the MPEG-4 Part 2 Do not? . .

Although the transfer has been made against Internet MPEG-4 provides higher than MPEG-2 video compression efficiency, more flexible and elastic change playback sampling rate, but video conferencing is always want greater compression, so we need a .264 H..


In the end H. H.264 Fortunately, what? Allow us to MPEG-2, MPEG-4 (MPEG-4 Part 2), H. .264 (MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 Part 10) for resolution of the three performance compared with the use of bandwidth, both MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H. H.264, the three can be up to 1920 × 1080i (non-interlaced) high-definition (High Definition, HD), 24fps (frame per second update 24) the image quality, but the transmission bandwidth of MPEG-2 requires 12 20Mbps, relative to H. .More low .264. to approximately 40% of the original MPEG-2 1/2 ~ 1/3.

It is worth mentioning that H. H.264 standard entropy decoding used in two: one is content-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) with a unified variable-length coding (CAVLC) combined; The other is content-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC ). CAVLC and CABAC block according to the situation of adjacent coding the current block in order to achieve better coding efficiency. Compression efficiency than CAVLC CABAC, in the case of very quality can save about 20% of the bandwidth, but more complex. .

Page 8: VC-1-Microsoft hegemony.

Why MPEG-4's can not provide such a high compression ratio it? This aspect of technological upgrading in recent years, the result of compression, more important, in fact, in recent years, video / system processor by the rapid development of its processing capacity to greatly improve, would be available, a higher compression ratio without fear of system overload. The VC-1 (VC refers Video Codec) is derived from the birth of Windows Media, which is to provide online music and video subscription services and video streaming of major formats. .

Microsoft in 2002, launched the Windows Media Video 9 Series codecs for video compression efficiency. WMV9 also as VC-1 in standardized in SMPTE. Of course, VC-1 purely video compression algorithm, and no WMV in digital rights management, metadata, playlists, and user interface elements.

And H. H.264 is similar, it contains many advanced coding tools, but the species is different. In addition to supporting outside half-pixel bilinear interpolation, WMV9 of ME also allows 1 / 4 pixel bicubic. .


Rings for block filter (deblockking fliter) open or show on the map, the following figure. Evident on the map color is very serious, but this figure is the transition was very smooth. After filtering, reducing blockiness and basic image quality is not affected, so subjective quality significantly improved. If you do not filter the same subjective quality, you need the extra 5% ~ 10% of the bit rate. Next figure shows the block filter effects, this H. .264 in video compression/VC-1 has unique technology (MPEG4 PART2 adopts advanced solutions for block filter).


Page 9: Comparison of various coding detailed specifications. .


In equity terms, MPEG2 because of the very mature, so the fee collected is minimal, tend to no cost. This is also why many since the BD/HDDVD still use old MPEG2, of course, and MPEG2 system hardware requirements are relatively low and, to a limited extent.

The initial authorization MPEG4 plan, if the operator of TV content to MPEG-4 format to Play program, pay per minute 0. .000333 U.S. dollars, or by charging 0 per year for each viewing. .25 U.S. dollars, which is no doubt the promotion of MPEG4 caused great resistance. This program came out, Apple, On2 and other industry vendors to immediately objected, and even Apple originally built in the QuickTime MPEG-4 in support of, and because of objection to delay the release date of authorization. .

H .264 authorization fees. relatively reasonable because H .264 later than MPEG-4., and their location close to the case, but in H. authorisation .264 reduced positioning, looking forward to more generous licensing mode to be used, which is on the carrier's appetite, many operators expressed on MPEG-4 licensing, they warm embrace .264 H..

The VC-1 licensing fee to the beginning of term, and H. H.264 par. But because Microsoft has always been the implementation of the strategy, VC-1's only been a source of authority, authorized to adjust the price, and subsequent versions of the improvement direction, by Microsoft's hand to grasp, no one around, even though the price is now more relaxed, but heaven knows Which one is not happy when Microsoft raised the price, this is a number of carriers most worried about one thing. .

Page 10: end users like what number?.

Next is our end-users are most concerned about encoding / decoding system spent the burden, of course, after this there will be more detailed in our tests. .

MPEG2 is naturally the most stringent requirements of video encoding, not only that, but thanks to DVD mature years, previous and existing mainstream hardware can provide a more or less MPEG2 hardware acceleration capabilities. MPEG4 although there has been no comparison for the birth of a hardware video acceleration, but relatively low hardware loss is one of the reasons.

And H. H.264 main grade is the most demanding of video technology, coupled with the recent rising rate and 1080P of the combination of its loss on the hardware has reached a new peak. The basic grade provides a relative trade-offs, followed by hardware losses. .



When I go on-line forum Xia Guang, see such a vote on whether it is necessary H. .264/VC-1 Re-encoded as MPEG2 post the results more than half of the people are supportive. On the picture quality and compression ratio, MPEG2 certainly less than VC1 / H. H.264, but its relatively low hardware requirements, has made most users give up the quality / compression ratio, choose MPEG2. Of course, this is only the beginning of February when a vote, and now as a new generation of graphics cards with video acceleration, the situation has been effectively alleviated, I believe in the near future, no one save enough for the HDTV decoder the. .

The following is a video compression technology to independent knitting/decoder frequency requirements, this forms a good quantitative representation of the video compression technology and hardware requirements.


In the video decoder context-specific acceleration, PC cards on the most recent, PUREVIDEO HD and AVIVO HD can support H. Full decoding H.264, and VC-1 aspect, PUREVIDEO HD only supports dynamic compensation and DEBLOCK decoding, VLC stream for processing and inversion, or only to the CPU to go for. .

In addition, the ones on the Internet, some HDRIP (HDTV encoding package again) majority of ones, using X264 X264 H .264 based. open source codec with high .264 H. compression ratio as well as on hardware has set higher demand, however due to its relatively low rate in General, so the burden on the system is very rare to direct embodiment. In addition there is a small part is used to compress the MPEG4-XVID, XVID is difficult to guarantee quality, FPS, and resolution of cases, the volume control in the capacity of 1 piece of D5 (4. .3G).

MPEG2. .

MPEG4 。.

H264. .

VC-1 。.

Picture quality. .

General.

Better. .

The best.

Best. .

Compression ratio (in MPEG2 is 1).

100%. .

50 ~ 60%.

25 ~ 40%. .

30 ~ 40%.

Hardware requirements. .

Minimum.

Lower. .

CABAC maximum.

Higher. .

CALVC higher.

Licensing costs. .

Minimum.

Higher. .

Lower.

Lower (with prices may be). .

Operator support.

Higher. .

Minority.

Majority. .

Medium.

PC hardware acceleration. .

There is wide.

Minority. .

Most.

Medium. .

Network ones.

Very few. .

Most.

X. H.264 majority. .

Most.

H. H.264 medium. .

Finally, let's balance all factors, look at all the mainstream HDTV video acceleration technology concept analysis, there is no doubt that H .264 and very VC-1. has the potential to become the mainstream in the future, of course, our self-developed AVS also H .264, and. VC-1 tongtaijingji, who is the winner, it's not to say.

P. 11: Bowl a good or a large pot? Package format Xiang Jie-AVI. .

The so-called encapsulation format is already encoded compressed video and audio track in accordance with a certain format into a file, that is just a shell, or we think of it as a video track and the audio track of a folder can also.

Popular parlance, point, video track is equivalent to rice, while the audio track is equivalent to food, packaging format is a bowl or a pot, used food containers in full bloom. Some people may feel strange, containers, not food on the line can bloom Why, with a bowl on it, why work out so many formats and Practice? . .

Fact, imagine, there are dishes, such as ribs, relatively large, Bowl, pot was changed. A comparison of hot food, and also cannot be placed in a plastic container, of course, there are certain personal preferences. Therefore, the basic container selection lies in the fact that their video/audio compatibility, as well as the appropriate scope. We should understand that many people have always regarded encapsulation format as described in the previous video encoding, but the two are not necessarily directly.

AVI container - mature and old technology. .

AVI is Microsoft in 1992 for the fight against Apple Quicktime technology, despite the international academic community recognized AVI already belongs to be eliminated by technology, but because windows of versatility, and easy-to-developer API, is also widely used.

AVI file structure, divided into head, body, and an index of three parts. . The body of the image data and sound data is stored interactions. Index from the tail index can jump to put their own position. .

AVI itself only provides such a framework, internal image data and voice with according to the format can be any of the coding form. Because the index is placed in the tail of the file, so seeding internet streaming is impossible. A very simple example, download films, if not the download is complete, it is very difficult to play out.


Another problem is the high bit-rate VBR audio AVI file support not good. VBR stands for Variable BitRate, is the dynamic bit rate can be defined according to the current needs of different bit rates, avoiding waste and improve efficiency. Attendant problems will come, because the container is separate from the image and sound, so players need a picture and sound synchronization process, if the CBR is a track so because the rate constant, synchronization is not a problem, but VBR track is constantly in change, but no time stamp to allow VBR AVI audio and images synchronized, that would create the sound image sync problems. .

VirtualDub later introduced a new way to extend the VBR audio in AVI compatible, but at a high bit rate will produce the problem of data loss, resulting in a loss of sound, this problem has no perfect solution. And even more unfortunately, TrueHD, and sound is DTS-HD cannot support.

Page 12: good or pan large bowl? Package format Xiang Jie-TS. .

Front HDDVD and BD, although the two coding unified adopts MPEG2/H .264 VC-1/., encapsulation format on some divergence. The official DVD Forum approved by HDDVD uses PS package, i.e. the Program Stream (program stream), and before the DVD MPEG2 Program Stream wrapper is the same, PS streams suffix name is VOB and EVO. . They are all part of the MPEG2 system, two different grammatical structure, but now used only as a package. TS stream flow is easier for the PS transmission, but because of their nature, are more mistakes, so in the past when using the PS stream storage are, of course, now, with the fault / error correction technology to improve, TS increased the scope of wide. .

Most popular online now to HDTV TS package remux, PS package can only be seen in the original version only, HDDVD, so let's focus on the analysis of the TS encapsulation format.

TV shows any time you turn on the TV can decode (to watch), so, MPEG2-TS format is characterized by demands from the video stream is the beginning of any segment can be independently decoded. From the structure is, TS is the main body from head composed of documents and to expand over the TS stream also includes the time stamp. No matter what format it is VBR audio track, very easy to pass the time stamp to synchronize the images. Of course, the new sound formats, the need for new splitter, decoder to achieve decoding. Currently in the development of continuous improvement. .

TS not like AVI, ever since its birth, that Internet broadcasting, so soon became a world standard and widely used in TV digital playback, mobile phone, etc..


AVI package. .

TS encapsulation.

Compatible video coding. .

MPEG-2 。.

MPEG-4. .

MPEG-4 H。.264 。.

VC-1 (support is not very good). .

VC-1 。.

Compatible audio coding. .

Linear PCM 。.

DTS-HD DTS. .

Dolby Digital 。.

AC3. .

Dolby Digital Plus 。.

Dolby TrueHD. .

DTS Digital Surround 。.

Splitter. .

DirectX 8. .0 following comes with separator.

Microsoft System comes with separator. .

Separation of the system resources.

Lower. .

Higher.

Scalability. .

Strong.

Difference. .

Internat adaptability.

Strong. .

No..

P. 13: Bowl a good or a large pot? Package format Xiang Jie-MKV. .

In addition to REMUX versions (Remux mean lossless extraction out HD-DVD and BluRay-DVD inside video data and audio data, encapsulate our familiar TS or AVI file), many HDRIP (re-encoded, lossy compression after slice) encapsulation format AVI, MKV is generally and MOV. AVI encapsulated nature does not need to be introduced, Quicktime MOV is packaged, this package and AVI is almost the same age, there are also quite a few bugs, and now there are very few people use.

MKV is a Matroska using short, it is a new multimedia package format, with the more common is the X264 + MKV. .

MKV is a new package, but also very open, comparative advantages of AVI it reflected in the following points:.

1: Variable frame rate: This requires coding with, imagine what changes in the slow playback (such as still life) is to lower the FPS to replace, you can save a lot of resources. .

2: error detection and repair: This provides fault tolerance and error correction, in particular the network transmission today..

3: Soft subtitles: often see DVDrip and HDrip people understand that the subtitles are usually in the form of other documents, where it can be embedded in the MKV in the package, but will not be confused and video can also be more subtitles optional. This is convenient when you save the transmission. .

4: Streaming: this is why the basic TS inconsistent timestamps to manage video and audio synchronization issues, do the following pay-per-view.

5: Menu: MKV interactive operations make more human. .

6: powerful compatibility: MKV is characterized by the largest can hold many different types of encoded video, audio and subtitles flow, and even very closed RealMedia and QuickTime is included in the universal media container.

7: The open and cross-platform: Matroska using an open architecture, has many advanced features, and can be cross-platform use. .

However Matroska vis-à-vis the disadvantage of the above we introduce is obvious, it does not have a strong background can rely on, not likely to make a difference in the commercial realm. However, we see not DVDrip standard is the only, truly advanced technology commercialization in standardization on the road to meet many of the non-technological barriers, but on the Internet, simply do not exist, so you can quickly MKV popular on the Internet.

However, the shortcomings of MKV is obvious, the only good side separator HAALI separator, together with civil standard of reason, it is difficult outside the PC to see it is there. .

Page 14: what is a HTPC.

What is a HTPC. .

HTPC is the Home Theater Personal Computer's initials are "home theater personal computer" meaning. Simply put, it is a special focus on multimedia capabilities of a PC.

HTPC with ordinary PC's main difference is that it is not the only goal for the pursuit of high performance, it should be the appearance, performance, noise, power consumption, 4 were the product of balance. .

HTPC are living as a family of digital audio and video Center. In living things, like TV, DVD player, stereo amplifier, it must have a pleasant look, nobody in the elegant living room to see an ugly chassis. It cannot be too large, both aesthetically and save space, it is very important, a Buffalo General chassis is a stop of the scenery.

Performance requirements, we do not have much, but to make use of dual-core CPU, or video card with hardware acceleration, such as the face of the high rate of H. H.264 as leisurely time, and encoding (recording TV programs) dual-core also effectively. Hard disk is a very critical factor, think 320G is the starting point, the bigger the better. .

Function, the Board chose to pack interface card, 1394 and SPDIF IN/OUT, with regard to a DVI video card/HDMI, S-VIDEO/chromatic aberration. Optical storage to DVD burner is a plus.

Noise is a very important factor, after all, no one wants to enjoy audio and video at the same time enjoy the noise, so choose the card with low noise and low noise hard drive and optical drive is particularly important. Ideal board is passive cooling, while even the low fan speed, the long-running will be issued after the same number of false noise, if not cleared up the problem, or fundamental change can not be resolved, but not this entirely passive cooling kind of problem. .

Power consumption is also conscious of a HTPC, starting with energy-saving considerations, home theater application may take longer time to turn the power on behalf of the small cost. But there are also HTPC chassis size is limited, especially in the use of some of the barebones Micro ATX's also only use half height card, this volume can be imagined, the heat has become a big problem, if the power consumption of accessories may not be able to heat, so try to focus on low power.

P. 15: HDMI importance of a: DVI simply can not be replaced. .

Should first of all most people know DVI and HDMI's biggest feature is digital, it is precisely because of this, many people just believe that HDMI just brought the DVI audio features, video is exactly the same.

In fact, this is completely wrong. If only this is the case, we can put your audio cable and DVI cable tied together, without so many spent so much effort manufacturers consume so much time to develop this standard,:). .


From the above we can see that the HDMI and DVI with digital .M T.. .D .S signal join. '. Are the benefits of the digital signal is converted lossless and more convenient, but it does not mean that a compatible, like RAR and ZIP both compression format is easy to convert, and non-destructive, but their format, the data stored in a completely different, a very simple example is the only ZIP design software there is no way to read RAR package, such as WINZIP.

HDMI in the CEA EDID data, it will include a VSDB signal, and this data block which contains a verification to determine whether the receiver is HDMI device data values. When verify the other end is HDMI, the HDMI standard format will be to send signals; and verify each other DVI device, it will use the DVI standard form to send video data values, without audio data. .

From this point on, HDMI is fully backward compatible with DVI, or HDMI interface for the sender, and the sender is the DVI connector at the receiving end is a DVI interface, both of which use DVI data transfer protocol, this is exactly the same.

HDMI Vendor Specific Data Block verification hands. .


HDMI and DVI can be converted? actually on the market has a DVI and HDMI adapters referrals and wiring.


As we mentioned earlier, HDMI 在 transmission at the beginning there will be a verification process Yongyi tell if yes HDMI Shebei only Queding signal Caiyonghezhong specification, and DVI Genben is Meiyouzheyi step of, Suo Yi connected to any DVI Bulun What Xian Jie Kou , transmission is still standard DVI signal. That is how these adapters work? . .


HDMI to DVI natural Needless to say, HDMI is fully backward compatible with DVI. While HDMI DVI go? In fact since through T. .D .S .M.. digital communication, so follow the same electrical specifications, basically turning connector/wiring merely physical signals point conversion, transmission of remained the DVI signal. So, for a computer monitor or digital television, flat section also does not matter, because these devices can directly access DVI signals, but if you come across some early HDMI TV and recording devices, this can have some compatibility issues, for example, does not properly display its contents-black screen, etc. .


Now most of the TV DVI signal at the access problems still exist large and small, for example, does not correspond to the corners, can not maximize the screen, the screen flashes, can not be achieved point to point, does not recognize the signal and other compatibility issues, this Winnie the evaluation room even in the evaluation of recent FULL HD flat-panel TVs have encountered this kind of problem, but there are some issues can be minor adjustments in the PC side can be resolved, while others have no solution. HDMI in the graphics card replaced after they meet the HDMI 1. .2 Standard television and computer can be connected correctly. .


Summary we mentioned above, in the signal transfer format, compatible with DVI HDMI can be good, but HDMI DVI interface conversion requires access equipment on the support of DVI signal transmission, from this point on, HDMI is the perfect interface.

Page 16: HDMI importance of the two: to prevent the loss of gray-scale signal. .

We speak on the article merely electrical signal specifications, but here we have to talk about the specific content of the transmission-gray signal. Even if you can access the Platform TV DVI signal and recognition, but as long as it is not for the PC conversion of the gray-scale signal, since all the screen displays properly, but we can see the screen brightness and dark detail still severely distorted. What's happening? HDMI and DVI although it follows the same electrical specifications, using T. .D .S .M.. digital signal transmission, but the biggest difference is that DVI is the specifications on the PC, and the use of HDMI mainly in the field of household appliances.


Applications of some Bu Tong also lead to a different standard, PC generally uses RGB Full Range of gray scale, gray scale values range from 0 to 255; while for consumer electronic appliances such use of the RGB gray Dushi Limited Range numerical range is 16 to 235,16-235 is a continuation of the analog television format. .


DVI to HDMI in gray-scale processing of flat-panel TV will lead directly to 13% of the gray-scale loss of signal. While HDMI processing can provide Limited Range of color difference signals can also be a Full Range of RPG, and general sender are adaptive.

13% of the grayscale signal loss. .


Normal, dark highlight details clearly visible.


Page 17: HDMI importance of the three: the improvement compared to DVI and upgrades. .

Why do I have to put the relative improvement and upgrading of DVI placed behind the term? because these upgrades, at this stage is not necessary, in other words, no more missing events, at least not like the previous two sections, the direct effects of normal use.

Subject to positive and continue the improvements on HDMI. .

1: HDMI can transmit both digital lossless audio and video, and DVI only supports video output.

PC to achieve simultaneous output HDMI audio and video, in two ways. .

1: internal connection, display chip and audio chip with the PCB, the PCB on the sound card directly through the alignment to transmit signals to the video card, and then integrated into the HDMI output signal. Such examples include the integrated graphics, such as graphics, there are some MCP68 integrates audio processing chip, such as the R600.

2: External Connection. Graphics chips and sound cards not on the same chip on a PCB, connected through an external connection. Generally speaking, the sound card to connect directly with SPIDF OUT graphics card, but there are also dedicated HDMI audio cable, and now more and more motherboards and sound cards in use (below). .

1080P HDMI can transmit video signals while the sampling frequency to 192kHz delivered 8-channel audio signal, all in a line can be completed in. According to statistics, an HDMI connection, you can replace the 10 ~ 20 analog transmission line, greatly simplifying the wire ministries.


2: HDMI can use the three TMDS channels to transmit video and audio, while DVI only two. Under normal circumstances, a TMDS channel operating frequency can reach 165MHz and 10-bit interface, that is, to provide one. .65 Gbps of bandwidth, so to count DVI 3. .3 Gbps of bandwidth, while the HDMI nearly 5Gbps bandwidth. The HDMI 1. .。 This is for the future is very promising.

3: existing HDMI 1. .1 And 1. .2 Version and DVI can only support the 24bit color depth, 1. .3 Version of HDMI, is a greatly expanded to 30-bit ,36-bit and 48-bit (RGB or YCbCr), with output capacity of more than 100 million colors, and dramatically increase the contrast of the class. Meanwhile HDMI 1. .3 Standard can support next-generation "xvYCC" color space, claims to have the current color space specification 1. .8 Times the color signal output capability.。 In fact, Blu-ray and HD-DVD specifications are supported "Deep Color", but both sides have not yet announced support for HDMI 1. .3.

4: The transmission distance: The case does not affect image quality, HDMI transmission distance up to 15 meters, while the DVI is less than 8 meters. This PC case is not useful, but for home appliances, the relaxation of restrictions on the line will greatly reduce the wiring difficulty. .

Using optical fiber transmission, wire ends into a light signal converter for HDMI signal cable can be up to 100 meters.


Page 18: AVIVO HD compared with PUREVIDEO HD technology introduced (on). .

Next-generation encoding VC-1 .264/H. decoding scheme process mainly consists of the following five parts: precision motion estimation and intra estimation (Estimation), transform (Transform) and inverse, quantification (Quantization) and inverse quantization, loop filter (Loop Filter), entropy decoding (Entropy Coding). The following figure is a .264 H... encoding flowchart


AMD Radeon X1000 graphics hardware support previous generation ATI AVIVO technology for H. H.264 and VC-1 encoded video, the CPU processor for Bitstream Processing (code stream) and Entropy Decode (entropy decoding), the coloring unit for hardware acceleration Shader Frequency Transform (frequency conversion), Pixel Prediction (pixels forecast) and Deblocking (ring block filtering solution) process. Therefore, decoding can not be said to be a pure hardware. .

Page 19: AVIVO HD and PUREVIDEO HD technology comparison (below).

. .


NVIDIA GeForce 6 times early on began to introduce HD video solutions-hardware-accelerated PureVideo, realization, in fact, its principle is driven using programmable GPU idle computing capacity on coding for acceleration, actually this is not a complete hardware decoding, quite a large proportion is accomplished through software GPU, but no matter how much of the pressure to share the CPU. And picture quality to a limited extent changed.


The previous generation of PureVideo hardware is only one part of VP (Video Processor, Video Processcor), and the VP processing power and performance is relatively low. To the G84, NVIDIA GPU in the redesign is not only a powerful new more powerful video processor, and add an entropy decoding processor engine, NVIDIA called BSP ENGINE (Bitstream Processcor ENGINE). New video processor (NEW VP or VP2) can be MPEG-2, VC-1, H. .。 While the ENGINE is Bitstream Processcor primarily for H264 by CABAC/CAVLC entropy coding both be decoded.

I have mentioned before H. H.264 standard entropy decoding used in two: one is content-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) with a unified variable-length coding (CAVLC) combined; The other is content-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC ), which is the main grade. CAVLC and CABAC block according to the situation of adjacent coding the current block in order to achieve better coding efficiency. CABAC compression efficiency than CAVLC, but complex, on the hardware requirements will be higher. CABAC (CAVLC also) is a lossless encoding will not damage the screen, but will reduce the speed of encoding and decoding. .

Initial glance PUREVIDEO HD AVIVO HD to have full hardware decoding functions, in fact, two in support of the video encoding, there are some discrepancies.

The first is two pairs of MPEG2 video acceleration is not the full hardware decoding, to a considerable part of the CPU 去 soft extract, this point not think many people would object to the loss, after all MPEG2 hardware itself is very low, then by some hardware decoding, the CPU occupancy rate has been reduced quite a low point, which we later tests also confirmed. .

The considerable damage H .264 resources. encoding two also adopts unified attitude, full hardware decoding, complete liberation CPU bottlenecks, which makes H .264 in two. "new video decoding is no longer a problem.


In addition, the VC-1, ATI / AMD, and NVIDIA's attitude was the difference. ATI / AMD that, VC-1 a and H. A new generation of HDTV standard H.264 encoding, while there is relatively high CPU utilization, so still using and H. Like the entire H.264 decode VC-1 (which is why so many transistors integrated 2600xt one of the reasons); and NVIDIA is that, VC-1 despite the relatively high occupancy, but a partial decoding, the low-end CPU is still capable of performing decoding work, and with the upgrading of CPU frequency, the situation will be eased.。.

This is benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom, according to the author personal opinion, Suo You Ying decoding Zai Wei Lai will Ji soft Jie Ma Suodai Ti, but now Bizhejishi is in Jiema CABAC 40m Rate De-chip Yuan O'clock Shiyongcaiyong soft decoding, just for Bao Zhenghua quality and can Xpress decoder; the other hand, are better than nothing, If someday I do not 3. .6 G in Conroe, when using an Athlon64 3000 +, with a full decode VC-1 and H264 of AVIVO HD will obviously be better. .


Page 20: DXVA decoder, separator and the concepts.

We introduce the decoder, splitter, and DXVA concept. .

Decoder functionality is to decompress the video or audio. We know that regardless of the original video or audio is the original, the data is very amazing and huge, so we want to use the encoder to compress them, this is conducive to the transfer and storage. When we're playing you need to restore a picture or sound, you need to extract, which is decoded. Which video decoder is complicated:.

Video compression technology as we have said earlier there are many, each in there a lot of official third-party decoder, a variety of decoder functions, screen, speed vary, but generally two types of decoding device: hardware decoder and software decoder. .

Hardware decoder is the use of decoder with driver interface and the hardware itself is connected, use hardware capabilities to decode the video, which reduces the load on the CPU, enabling smooth playback as well as upgrade the CPU's ability to multi-task.

Software decoder hardware decoder is in addition to all the decoders in addition, its biggest feature is the use of general-purpose CPU processing functions on software decoding. Although expensive software decoding CPU, but can be modified, upgraded, sufficient in the case of CPU resources is the best choice. .

Separator functionality is encapsulated in the video, and audio with the restore. Before we talked quite a lot of packages, each package must be a separator, in order to correct the video and audio to separate for the decoder.

There are many separator, generally non-standard packaging format where the regular players do not have the appropriate separator, such as MKV. The separators are well-known moon separator, haali so. .

DXVA (also known as DirectX VA) name is DirectX Video Acceleration (hardware video acceleration interface).

DXVA is a joint Microsoft and graphics chip maker defines a hardware interface specification. If a graphics chip to support DXVA hardware specification, does not mean that it implements all the functions defined inside DXVA. But one thing is sure: for each function defined DXVA, consistent with DXVA specifications of the display driver chip program will tell the system, this feature in its hardware or not in achieving the realization - which is mandatory DXVA specifications of requirements. This has the advantage that the application does not need to spend time and effort to test the graphics card has not implemented a function. .

Similarly, if a decoder DXVA specification, nor is it able to take advantage of all the inside DXVA specification combination of features, it can choose to have the ability to support themselves, or want to support a combination of those features, and other functions may be waived.

In addition, if a display chip that drives an Biaoshi support some features, but the decoding device Ren Wei Zhe Ge function of the chip's support is unstable, easily lead to system crashes or Cuowu, Name decoder could use the chip of the Zhe Fang Qi kinds of functions. .

In accordance with DXVA hardware decode acceleration, has three levels.

1, MC acceleration (motion compensation, also previously referred to Pixel Prediction). .

2, IDCT Acceleration (earlier Frequency Transform) + MC acceleration.

3, VLD acceleration (previously referred to the entropy decoding) + IDCT + MC accelerated speed + (deblocking fliter solution ring block filter). .

In addition to the older graphics card (such as Geforce3) MC acceleration is supported, now GF6/7, X1000 series II, GF 8600/H .264 8500 supported. accelerate the third grade, as well as the HD2000 series support/H .264 VC-1. at the third level of acceleration, of course, this also needs to be called the decoder supports.

When the player or the decoder display DXVA (also known as DirectX VA), also represents the hardware acceleration has been opened. .

All in all, set playback software is the most simple and direct open hardware decoding software can only be a PowerDVD. It can be said that PowerDVD is the best software to extract VCD/DVD/HDTV playback tools, but it comes with hardware-accelerated encoding HDTV, making the call is extremely simple.

If you are using a NVIDIA graphics card and with PUREVIDEO technology, it will have a PUREVIDEO HD logo is displayed. .

Can PowerDVD respectively. H .264, VC-1, MPEG2, DVIX, XVID X264, etc, formats. That is basically a mainstream DVD/HDTV/DVDrip, HDrip can decode and display functionality with hard solution without any settings to open the hard solution.


The following information on behalf of DXVA hardware acceleration enabled. .


PowerDVD is a powerful and easy to use, very suitable for the newbie read hard solutions, even the soft solution, it can most rapidly find positive solutions to a decoder that does not appear on the screen, the audio is not correct, all without setting. By the way, why should we speak Chinese films, because in addition to your foreign languages in particular, PowerDVD is no way for external subtitles, this is the software for a great pity, because so many people abandoned the PowerDVD, but simply use it as a decoder with other players.

PowerDVD shortcomings Moreover, because no configuration, the separator relatively small, even too old to die AVI package that separation may have some problems, of course, and now the AVI HDTV a dts package may be some relationship between multi-track . Elsewhere, despite the PowerDVD DVD playback is started by, but if you encounter a HDDVD's the same for MPEG-2 PS package EVO file, PowerDVD as it is impossible to separate. .

PowerDVD benefits: no need to set up, there are many at the same time there are different levels of acceleration of decoder that is open, it is very convenient, is buying HDDVD/BD disc the best player.

PowerDVD shortcomings: PowerDVD on the Internet to download the Remux source of non-TS-chip package can not be properly separated, if met HDrip the MKV format is no alternative. The most angry is not linked to any subtitles. .

Note: PowerDVD must take precedence over any other player installed. If PowerDVD not working properly, it may be decoders/separator confusion, reloading can generally be resolve the problem.

P. 22: the ultimate decoding, and decoding the perfect setup guide (above). .

Ultimate decoding as well as perfect decoding in fact that is a big collection of software, which nowadays is the most popular include player, decoders, as well as the separator. As the ultimate decoding or perfect decoding settings very bossy, and freedom is not high, so we can make the ultimate decoding or perfect decoding as a decoder and separator package to install. That is only used with decoder or separator, or even the player, but not use it's own settings, but instead uses the settings most meticulous KMPlayer.




P. 23: the ultimate decoding, and decoding the perfect setup guide (below). .

Here we explain, whether installed ultimate decoding or perfect decoding, the system of the decoder and the separator is determined by the current settings, for example, you now want to use the NVIDIA VIDEO Decoder, you will need to select the corresponding to the NVIDIA VIDEO Decoder options and application, it will bring up NVIDIA VIDEO Decoder installed.

Similarly, the need to tune out what kind of decoder, or separator, directly in the ultimate decoding, or decoding the perfect setting, it will be installed on the. .


As can be seen already can use search to NVIDIA KMPlayer VIDEO Decoder, the decoder is in.


Another point to draw attention, generally best not to use the ultimate decoding, or decoding on the KMPlayer perfect setting, our grounds are KMPlyaer more powerful set. But the ultimate decoding, or decoding a perfect set of high-priority, very high-handed, set the KMPlayer's options, then set the basic KMPlayer invalid, so we recommend this set:. .

In addition, installation or already have KMPlayer KMPlayer green miananzhuangban, we in the ultimate decoding or perfect decoding options: call this.


Doing so we can perfect the ultimate decoding, or decoding the default player is set to Media Player Classic, KMPlayer will not only have a direct impact, but also provides a decoder / splitter at the same time, but also more of a Media Player Classic plays election player, achieving three. .

Page 24: KMPlayer Player Setup Guide (part I).

First of all, I want to recommend something KMPlayer player, as I know there are still a lot of friends use MYMPC, storm and wind and thunder audio video, and most people always think that the software easier. In fact is not true, KMPlayer default settings as you can on a variety of audio and video file formats play, and it has many shortcut keys, can display size, aspect ratio, color random control, the most important of its separator is superior, since is RMVB / RM fast-forward or backward, almost no hysteresis and delay, which is the normal player can not do. .

Korean audio player KMPlayer, Almighty and Mplayer from linux ported to the Kmplayer (KMP) nearly all on your system to play audio files. Through a variety of plug-ins extend the KMP can support the emerging new format.

Greatest advantage of this player is a very high degree of freedom, how to set are as, or even streaming media formats according to different set different separators, according to a different set different encoding format decoder, which is where we most need a high-definition player function. .

However the disadvantage is obvious, that is why before we are going to keep duplicate declaration PowerDVD straightforward, it is because of the relative terms too easily KMPlayer, KMPlayer is set-too complicated.

We are all in this step by step how to set up the church KMPlayer, and tell it the meaning of each step. .

First enter the KMPlayer parameter options, we need to do first is to make the decoder and separator settings used unconditionally.


Then we have to cancel all of the default built-in decoder, use our custom decoder. Can not select all options. .


In the select an external video codec, the original is in addition to the default .dll by libcodec. no other process can call, so we want to use a custom decoder to search the current system of all decoder.


As installed before the final decoding or decoding such a perfect package, containing a variety within the system decoder / splitter, just click search and you can add all of the registered decoder / splitter all find out. .


Page 25: KMPlayer Player Setup Guide (below).

Then we have to define what separator to use, and only have to decode the correct separation, this step is more important, its search and management of external separator method and decoder, as will not repeat it here. .


In addition, the present tense of more popular Haali splitter, you can very well on MPEG2-TS MPEG-PS and MKV and other packaging, strongly recommended. But Haali splitter is in the separator box, but KMPlayer specifically one can manage what package uses Haali splitter.


But I studied for a long time found in here to manage Haali splitter might not be effective, and direct the installation of Haali splitter is perfectly safe when directly selected. .


How do I know if Haali splitter function? in addition to viewing the KMPlayer-RI, the simplest method is called regardless of any player Haali splitter, it will appear in the lower-right corner of an icon, this indicates that the call has been properly.


How to determine where you are now in the KMPlayer with the kind of separator, which decode it? Following operation, we see the use of the video decoder is the PowerDVD 7. . X of H. H.264 decoder and audio decoder is adopted InterVideo Audio Decoder, because Haali splitter is not in the list of KMPlayer support within, so it is not shown, such as the above method, we can see the desktop lower right corner of the bar it. .


Below we will start to describes how to set the KMPlayer for hard-coded to open solutions.

P. 26: KMPlayer player set H. H.264 hardware solution guide. .

H .264 decoding set relative. easy, its requirements before you install PowerDVD 7. .X on h .264 decoder, concrete steps outlined above please come in. Also try not to use the built-in separator separator, sometimes called nero separator or built-in separator, even if the decoder cannot normally use, but cannot hardware acceleration.

Then select the external video decoder, if not previously transferred to an external decoder or a search through an external decoder, then all the system default, so we need to search for external decoder. .


Search external decoder this step applies all external decoder search out.


Then select the appropriate encoding format in the corresponding decoder, H. H.264 direct use PowerDVD the H. H.264 decoder can directly open the hardware acceleration. .


And then point to the right of C, you can go in and adjust to the decoder. USE the options check DxVA opens hardware acceleration.


Perfectly decoded set is relatively simple, as long as H. H.264 This is a select Cyberlink (DxVA) can. Of course, the best separator, or choose Haali. .


In addition, it is necessary to introduce this soft solutions CoreAVC. H .264 software, it is recognized and H .264 screen settings. comparisons are excellent codecs, even though it is only software operation, but lower than FFSHADOW CPU utilization, has become the preferred soft solutions decoder.


Page 27: KMPlayer player set VC-1 hardware solution guide. .

VC-1/WMV HD mixed, first of all to compare the new version of KMPlayer selection, since 2. .9. start after .3. .1288 increase VC-1/WMV HD option, KMP VC-1 hard solution is no longer a dream.

But first we have to determine is to install WMP11, or WMP11 in own decoder wmfdist-11. . Exe this file. .

This codec is installed, you can call the KMP.


But where KMP is not set on the WMVideo decoder, we have to use a setup program WMV PowerToy. . Exe set on the WMVideo decoder. .

Detailed settings are as follows, you can open the VC-1 acceleration. In the last one on the picture to open a strong deblocking and soft shades would increase the burden on some systems, but on the screen, recommended machine good friends.


The perfect set decoding is relatively simple, direct select Microsoft that WMVideo decoder. .


Then click on the right side of the configuration, the perfect decoding WMVideo decoder also integrates a Chinese language Setup:.


It is noteworthy that the ultimate decoding and VC-1 failed to provide any of the settings, so it can not be set. .

Page 28: KMPlayer player settings MPEG2 hardware solutions guide.

MPEG2 hard solution is benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom, can be said that even the very old graphics card will support MPEG2 acceleration (provided that they meet DXVA standard), but most people's CPU's software solution can flow MPEG2, it would need hardware solution We see the preferences. .

MPEG2 hardware solutions for a more interesting, whether it is NVIDIA graphics or ATI or INTEL video card, you will need to call the NVIDIA Video Decoder.

KMP settings as usual. .


Press the right after the pop-up setting C, determine hardware acceleration.


In the decoder, after a successful call to its solution in the lower right of this column will appear as an icon. .


Right-click to open its properties to display its contents.


Perfect as usual decode settings or convenience, but pay attention to is to choose NVIDIA, but do not select NVIDIA (VPP), as selected NVIDIA (VPP) DVD film will be the source after the real-time IVTC rendering, image quality will improve a grade, but will also lose the hardware acceleration, this will be to note. .


Page 29: how to make sure that you have open hard Acceleration (on).

Different software have different detection methods, but no matter how open the hardware acceleration the greatest advantage is reduced CPU share, so we can direct the CPU occupancy rate in view, there Mingxian Duiyu effect of, first meets the eye out, as shown. We use Perfmon View quantitative investigation CPU utilization rate than the Windows Task Manager to view more intuitive. .

On success, the CPU utilization rate of 25%.


Not open, CPU occupancy rate of 56%. .


PowerDVD is the most simple view: view only their own video corresponding acceleration checked, and it is correct by using acceleration technology.


P. 30: How to confirm that they have open hardware acceleration (bottom). .

In a slightly more complicated in the KMP, first follow the steps below.


To ensure that hardware acceleration is turned on, we first want to check whether the decoder is being called correctly. .

We have seen almost there will show all of the information we want. First, call the filter, and then there is also information on video/audio decoder information. Here we CoreAVC video calling is the decoder instead of with a hardware solution speed. Cyblink H .264 decoder.

Decoder, after being called correctly, and the settings of the decoder correctly, the words will appear DXVA on behalf of graphics hardware acceleration is already open. No matter what new sources, as long as the DXVA hardware decoding appears to be open to representatives. .


Page 31: dual-core is a vegetable-H .264 1080p Babel., comments.

Seven Golden Globe nominations were the most. .


Movie reviews.

12 individuals, three countries, four different fate, one incident, all shot from that crash was unintentional ... ... destiny interwoven web of different ethnic, geographical, cultural context into which the soul. Everyone in the world exists between the intricate relationship between the 60s last century, American social psychologist Milgram proposed the "six degrees of segmentation" theory. He believes that as long as through six, you can either unfamiliar with individual links. But this association of the threads is how weak, even though we recognize each other's existence, but we can not hear each other's struggle to cry, even if the hearing is still unable to understand the communication can not be meaningful.。 The darkest night, the brightest light. "It is clear that this is not a desperate films, but rather a struggle in despair in the world, and the story of the children as a hope for the future, the world will they built the Tower of the stairway is also bound by them, to the future world is no longer a misunderstanding, and misunderstanding and sadness.

BABEL stills:. .




We have adopted to solve the AACS in HDDVD original directory structure of the package is downloaded, the suffix is named MPEG2-PS EVO files for testing. BABEL is all we tested ones on hardware requirements, and even can be said that your machine as long as they can, then babel soft solutions, HDTV you never difficult.

The claims can be momentary spike low-end dual-core chip software solution is really the legendary source of the terrible, look at our test results below. .

Page 32: the highest bit-rate 40M-007 Royal Casino H .264 1080p,.,..


Bond succession to the sixth generation of the starting point for the new "007" series, rumored merger of Sony MGM is one of the important reasons (of course, the old MGM film library so many classics are waiting to release DVD, is the Fatal temptation ... & hellip..


11 years ago, "Martin · Pierce · Bruce Campbell + South golden eye" of the law, creating a risk of James · Bond restructuring action stars, British spy from opening large career, with the collapse of the crossfire, a hotbed of soft.

"Casino Royale" for "freshman" Daniel Craig rigid shape, style, capable of the characteristics of not tackling him up on the difficult, but its "Why did not know from the reality into the romantic warrior 007" as described pre-school experience focus on the tenderness Tiehan Later he was driven about the love tragedy. The changes result in "a gentleman is no longer" the intuitive feeling of a time blowing, but in reflection under the not unjustified. Emotional, impulsive, violent - than the English aesthetic, but in reality closer to the U.S. audience preferences. Originally, the sides of the Atlantic both ways will not be easy, Campbell, director obviously intended to "encourage some Bond fans the first look," say, understand the times. .



From the "Zorro" series Hearty chic, to "Vertical Limit" of the dangerous steep, difficult to play high Campbell directed scheduling, control of large scenes skill for all to see, therefore, "Casino Royale" on the Transformation overemphasized. Than the smartest move bid farewell to the gas over the "Cold War mentality" - return to the Cold War Bond style texture, the content is adjusted to counter-terrorism, that is to please support their traditional irons, but also directly contribute to some long refused "007 "The countries and regions," Casino Royale "with open arms (such as China, the Khan ... & hellip..


.








Although the Royal Casino and no 007 BABEL that terrorist demands, but the peak bit rate 40M moment has also become the hardware killer. This is using the CHD Union REMUX AVI package version, and is also the only current test use AVI encapsulated ones.

P. 33: the best screen / hardware requirements than - Flags of Our Fathers H. .264 1080p presentations and comments. .


Synopsis.

February 1945, after seven years of the Second World War has entered the final decisive stage, the distant war in Europe has been rapidly drawing to a close, but still desperately recalcitrant in the vast Pacific Ocean in Japan with strong allies do the last fight. U.S. and Japanese armed forces, especially in the Battle of Iwo Jima on the most tragic. In some positions have emerged of the pole face to face brutal melee combat. Is served, the U.S. military killed nearly 5,000 people. The 21,000 Morijima Japanese in the last thousand or so, only three survived. .

In this ongoing fierce war, Navy soldiers John · Bradley (Rennes · Philip) and the companion · Ira Hayes (Adam · Beach), Rene ·-nung plus (Jesse · Bradford) and the other three unknown companion common on the commanding heights of sulfur Shima Su Liban qifeng, and six people American flag. The associated press from Joe Rosenthal · six soldiers fight scenes filmed with the banner, and back home, this photo has spread considerably boosted the morale of u.s. soldiers, and ultimately for the whole war played a key role. Six American soldiers were also immediately became a national hero ....








I can not use language to describe the film's great momentum, the entire film with gray tone while others feel beautiful, thanks to H. H.264 high compression ratio performance in this film thoroughly. And all hardware requirements are very low based on the case, but has a superior picture than babel/007, especially when large dynamic remain very smooth transition is even more rare. The film package with TS. .

Page 34: best picture/bit rate than-Pirates of the Caribbean H .264 1080p,.,..


Synopsis:. .

Once upon a time, there is a story of Arab ..., it should be — a story of the Caribbean Sea. …

The legend of pirates in the 17th century, Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) is the Caribbean coastal town on the proper job of a small child riffraff, Although he is now getting on so badly, but first, he had been One drove his beloved boat, the sea led numerous Louluo aspect of Grand Theft Auto Robin Hood Unfortunately, a careless, with the villain Captain Barbosa (杰弗瑞拉什)'s Road children, which he took away the beloved pirate ship "Black Pearl" does not say let an early age to become a great pirate Jack disproportionately hard hit, Heartbroken, he simply Luotuo to this small town played a child on the day mixed. .

One day, all the local forbearance and wild intractable daughter Elizabeth (kaira · kinghtly) was suddenly from Pakistan captain Bossa leading vote pirates for stealing, original, SA since Jack from the hands of robbed "Black Pearl", he and all the men of an ancient curse, whenever a Moonlight on them, they will turn into a bunch of half-human, not a ghost of skeletons, when the pirates then happy then, carrying such a cursed life were suffering. . .

Elizabeth was the pirates robbed! this message about broken and Elizabeth · childhood blacksmith will Turner (Orlando Bloom ·), despair, he had to resort to a pirate background of Jack, Jack knows it was snatched away by Elizabeth and his mortal Pakistan captain Bossa, he immediately agreed and will work together to track "Black Pearl", in order to save us, but also in order to win back their own boat, and two people went to steal a ship called the British fleet, the fastest sailing, flag and committed young Pakistani master Bossa in beautiful and dangerous Caribbean up scary Chase.

Infatuated brave Will it be safe Outrageous do? Slovenly Jack and whether they can re-telling from the "Black Pearl" and helm it? Do not forget, this is a Disney production of the film, EVERY DREAM MAY COME TRUE ... .... .








Pirates of the Caribbean and have almost the same the fathers of the banner, it is difficult to distinguish who is more powerful, but Pirates of the Caribbean lower bit rate, coupled with its bright screen and nuanced sharp, should be at the lowest bit rate reached one of the best pictures. This film uses the TS encapsulation.

Page 35: Network HDTV film on behalf of - Dreamgirls VC-1 1080p presentations and comments. .


Introduction:.

Adaptation of the classic Broadway musical of the same name. Black girl born in Chicago, to teach in New York pursuing dreams of stardom through a variety of adventures. Many people were sick sense of shame, but I was extremely fond of Oscar Best Picture "Chicago" screenwriter Bill Condon, set works of writers, directors positions in one, a series of black singer Knowles, Hudson and American Idol's trump card For the big screen once again weaving colorful flowers and the dance world. .

In recent years, the black people in Oscar's stage is elated. See the dream yet stunning actor groups: Grammy winner Morbihan star show choreographed, last year's Oscar winner Jamie Foxx played old · hot · brokers, Eddie Murphy showcases singers ... like "black skin star party" amazing portfolio, is expected to mass production performance Award nomination. Successful adaptation of a masterpiece of the classic examples of Chicago, make it difficult to challenge the "Kang's manufacturing" quality; Knowles, Murphy, stage performance, more can be large. . .

As usual, full of two factors "uncomfortable." A curriculum vitae, Director, almost zero of Kang, to get started, whether starting numbers too high?, black talent with intrinsic rhythm, how the Visual language is paramount? buy dream factories, the statuette dream make final gamble. Believe will soon be out of print "dream factories produced" (animation field release remains the same), so that the majority of the judges to make care a plus.




HDTV is now downloaded from the Internet more and more film source is VC-1 format, even more than H. H.264 and MPEG2 bigger the amount. Dreamgirls is the latest VC-1 representative masterpieces, the picture is very clear, is rated A-line picture quality with some friends. The film package with TS. .

Page 36: picture beyond H .264-King Kong VC-1.1080p describes and comments.


Synopsis. .

In 1933 in the United States, the great depression and blind adventure spirit inspired everyone to explore unfamiliar areas to explore unknown space. Beautiful actress Ann (naaomi · Watts decorated) increasingly feel that they are in New York frustrated and just cause low self-esteem, a bit ambitious film producer Carl (Jack · Black Sash) will bring good luck to her, she will become a part of films starring, and the movie will be completed on the Skull Island, hope this seat near the sushi Dara island paradise gives her a stimulating and exciting journey.

Plus occasional accidents, ship eventually ran aground in the Carl's ideal destination - Skull Island. Carl can not so excited to start shooting their own giant system, a group of savage madness of a sudden attack of indigenous let several members were killed. Savage finally fled to escape the claws of sail, safety petite been captured. It turned out that the name is very strange to Skeleton Island really is a dangerous heavy, not to mention those from the indigenous barbarism, dinosaurs, wild animals is everywhere. In order to save Ann, we had to return it back. .

Being indigenous savage as sacrificial offerings, could not help but cry. Scream it attracted attention of "King Kong", this huge, mellows dinosaur also fear it somewhat legendary Gorilla, and love. However, it does not know is that this is the beginning of its tragic fate ....










King Kong the film was very good images online accepted, even better than a lot of H. .264 CABAC compression out of the main grades of film source images to be strong, which explains the definition VC-1 is not inferior to H2. .64. The same characteristics as the VC-1, although its screen is very good, occupy the same level of resources than the H2. .46 A good many. The film package with TS. .

Page 37: impending-brothers MEPG2 1080p, comments.


Brothers in Arms is a work of World War II U.S. airborne troops to battle in Europe and the Pacific Battle of micro-TV series, the name has been translated as "Normandy landing," produced in 2001 by Tom - Hanks and Williams Steven - Steven Spielberg co-executive producer, David - Frankel, Tom - Hanks, and many directors, actors lineup. Television drama has been popular in the United States temporarily, in 2002 became the darling of the U.S. Golden Globe and Emmy. .






As duo no weak U, 1080P no weak piece, after all, a resolution on a stronger than what are 10 times on DVD. But if you look at the used H .264/outside VC-1. increase the bitrate 1080p HDTV, then look at this old MPEG2, always feel that quiver uncomfortable, as if in the long term DVDrip RMVB suddenly changed into that kind of stuck on feeling. In General, apart from small, static screen is not much difference, but there will be a dynamic encounter significant chunks, and glitch, and even open up IVCT not. . The film uses MKV package. .

Page 38: We killed 720P/1080I!..

Film source to see from the above, we use different codes, different packaging film source to the many, but not part of the 720P/1080I, this may be some other friends are wondering: In fact HDTV is to download and play but is most frequently 720P's HDrip, but why do not they test it. Bear online www. . Beareyes. . Com. . Cn. .

Because whatever it is, is 1080I 720P, from formula, we have been very easy to figure out they only half the bandwidth 1080P, hardware requirements is only half the battle. Moreover, the positioning of 720P/1080P, code rate is very low, the same format, the lower rate on the lower hardware requirements.

Balance the above two factors, in general, the hardware requirements 720P/1080I only 1080P 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 or even less. This case really is not much need to test, if even 720P/1080I can not play smoothly, then this computer is also too old. .

In addition, the integration is the only comprehensive detailed! MCP68 "transverse measuring and testing has been tested with soft solutions for even the most complex/H .264 x264. coding and frequency to 1 g dual core CPU are only 50% occupancy rate. Here is our test platform for the following exam results, please pay attention to the soft solution performance.

Video Test Platform Description. .

CPU AMD ATHLON64 X2 5000+(1。.0G L2 CAHCE 512K*2) 。.

Motherboard Biostar TF7050-M2. .

ASUS M2A-VM HDMI 。.

Radiator Tunq Tower120. .

GSKILL F2-8500CL5D-2GBHK memory.

Graphics built-in / NVIDIA GEFORCE 7900GTX/NVIDIA/GEFORCE 8500GTS. .

TT ToughPower 650W Power supply.

Hard disk Seagate 7200 10 250G (8M) SATA3G. .

Motherboard driver win2K WinXP/nForce driver 14. .10.

ATI Xpress South Bridge Driver 7. .4. .

ForceWare graphics driver .17.101.

Catalyst 7. .5. .

Test system for Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2.

Test video Prison. . Break S02E19 720P X264. .

Bypath 720P H .264 Fengyun...




Read the evaluation conclusions, we should understand that we do aim, 720P/1080I even H. H.264 is not necessary to test, after all, the rate is too low. OK, no BS, let's link it into the 1080P test. .

39 page (s): all test platform, as well as test descriptions.

CPU. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850(4M CACHE 333x9 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6750 (4M CACHE 333x8 DualCore). .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6300(2M CACHE 266x7 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Pentium E2160 (1M CACHE 200x9 DualCore). .

INTEL PentiumD 915(2Mx2 CACHE 200x14 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Celeron M430 (512KB CACHE 200x9 SingelCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 FX62(1Mx2 CACHE 200x14 DualCore) 。.

AMD ATHLON64x2 3600 + (512KBx2 CACHE 200x9. .5 DualCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 FX57(1M CACHE 200x14 SingelCore) 。.

AMD ATHLON64 4000 + (1M CACHE 200x12 SingelCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 3000+(512KB CACHE 200x9 SingelCore) 。.

Motherboard. .

Rainbow NFORCE680I SLI .N7050-PV Rainbow C..

Colorful TA-690G AM2. .

Radiator Tunq Tower120.

Memory GSKILL F2-8500CL5D-2GBHK. .

Video card NVIDIA GEFORCE 6600GT NVIDIA GEFORCE 7600GS.

NVIDIA GEFORCE 7600GT. .

NVIDIA GEFORCE 8500GT 。.

NVIDIA GEFORCE 8600GTS. .

NVIDIA GEFORCE 8800GTS 。.

ATI Radeon X1300PRO. .

ATI RADEON X1650PRO 。.

ATI RADEON X1950GT. .

ATI RADEON HD2400XT 。.

ATI RADEON HD2600XT. .

ATI RADEON HD2900XT 。.

Power Supply TT ToughPower 650W. .

Hard drive Seagate 7200 10 SATA3G 250G (8M).

Test Drive. .

PowerDVD 7。.3 Ultra Deluxe KMPlayer V2。.9。.3。.1288 。.

Perfect decoding 20,070,601. .

Test the software.

Catalyst 7. .6 ForceWare 165. .01. .

ForceWare 94。.24 。.

There may be a friend asked, why not test platform for VISTA but it is still the old XP system. After the author's survey, most HD enthusiasts access to VISTA, do not now much, much less using the VISTA system. In the old XP platform testing of this is undoubtedly the most representative. Of course, if the future increase in VISTA users, we will consider increasing the VISTA test platform. .

In order to avoid errors during the test, we used the system comes with perfmon, in all the ones starting the first 5 seconds (babel because title so with 40 seconds) empty logs, start a record CPU utilization, at 1 minute 40 seconds after collecting the data. After several tests, in addition to the minimum CPU share briefly some of the error, the maximum CPU share and the average share of less than 1% errors. But when the CPU reaches 100%, the PERFMON log error sometimes quite ridiculous, so to avoid all misunderstanding, we will make such a track record of 0 points.

The test we have closed all the sound cards and peripherals, so video playback CPU will not relate to this piece of audio decoding. .

For comparative testing, really useful data is the largest CPU utilization rate and the average CPU usage, rather than a minimal CPU usage. The average occupancy rate represents the majority of cases is smooth and the maximum occupancy rate often decide whether Clinton or card, the two values are very important. We all use separator Haali splitter to split, and the decoder hardware decoding is the three plus CoreAVC, FFshadow to secondary soft decoder test.

In addition, if we can test directly with PowerDVD PowerDVD instead KMP, but PowerDVD can not separate the package, or when the hardware decoder can not be applied when using the KMP perfect decoding. .

We finished a test, we will pick a figure, as the screenshot 3 personal habits, there is also a BMP JPG, all together this big. some test shots, yet be visible workload.

P. 40: What the source code of the film's most eating CPU. .

CPU INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850(3G L2 CAHCE 4M) 。.

Motherboard Colorful NFORCE680I SLI. .

Radiator Tunq Tower120.

Memory GSKILL F2-8500CL5D-2GBHK. .

Video card NVIDIA GEFORCE 8500GT.

This test is for our discussions on various film sources (different code) in the same platform, namely what kind of system load, let us know the code differences between the software solution. .

Babel very loss resources, you can see this in the E6850 Core 2 duo CPU in the most powerful, flexible solution for the peak reached 82% while the average is 72%. Although generally look when there are very few people will undertake a number of tasks, but hung up the subtitles, and then open BT, daemon, it's difficult to ensure that E6850 can provide smooth playing, besides it is also the most powerful Core 2 Duo, so we came to the conclusion that the ones really Babel is not suitable for soft solutions.

Although the average of 007 Casino Royale slightly lower than the number of Flags of Our Fathers, but the highest occupancy rate will most determine whether the card, coupled with the lowest occupancy is still above the 1 Royal Casino, Royal Casino we determine the hardware requirements fare better than Flags of Our Fathers edge. The Flags of Our Fathers Pirates of the Caribbean and is also locked, or if the integrated is the Pirates of the Caribbean is H. H.264 in one of the lowest occupancy rate. .

In fact, both the Royal, or 007 fathers banner, or Pirates of the Caribbean, represents the latest H .264 1080p. high bit-rate of CPU utilization, and overall the party even though no Babel metamorphosis, but higher than VC-1 together. And we see from the table, H .264 except out-of-BABEL-the other three ones in the average CPU utilization rate is not high VC-1 too much, just the highest CPU usage when flying H .264,. CPU utilization curve can also be seen in years, often turn.

VC-1 of the CPU occupancy rate of change is indeed very small, only 20% of the maximum is also more, relative to H. H.264 is much more to be smooth, so long as the VC-1 has become so basic flow, the state also does not appear card. .

MPEG-2 CPU usage is not to mention, QQ's CPU usage is going better than he is tall, no wonder there are old friends will put camera/H .264 VC-1. to make the transition into MPEG2.

Summary: CPU occupancy rate, Babel> 007 Casino Royale> Flags of Our Fathers> Pirates of the Caribbean> King Kong> Dreamgirls> Arms, H. .264> VC-1> MPEG4. .

41 page (s): your CPU to meet H264/VC-1/MPEG2 software solutions require ones?.

CPU. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850(4M CACHE 333x9 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6750 (4M CACHE 333x8 DualCore). .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6300(2M CACHE 266x7 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Pentium E2160 (1M CACHE 200x9 DualCore). .

INTEL PentiumD 915(2Mx2 CACHE 200x14 DualCore) 。.

INTEL Celeron M430 (512KB CACHE 200x9 SingelCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 FX62(1Mx2 CACHE 200x14 DualCore) 。.

AMD ATHLON64x2 3600 + (512KBx2 CACHE 200x9. .5 DualCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 FX57(1M CACHE 200x14 SingelCore) 。.

AMD ATHLON64 4000 + (1M CACHE 200x12 SingelCore). .

AMD ATHLON64 3000+(512KB CACHE 200x9 SingelCore) 。.

Motherboard. .

Rainbow NFORCE680I SLI.

Colorful C. . N7050-PV. .

Rainbow TA-690G AM2.

Radiator Tunq Tower120. .

GSKILL F2-8500CL5D-2GBHK memory.

Graphics NVIDIA GEFORCE 8500GT (not open hard solution). .

This test is to let everyone know different coding required minimum CPU frequency/model, or for their own CPU to find a property close to, if I can extract the smooth.

First of all, we want to define the concept of a smooth, smooth it, and different, not only to smooth most of the time, but also not to be. Bear online www. . Beareyes. . Com. . Cn. .

This CPU utilization rate raised two requirements:..

1: CPU average occupancy rate of not more than 80% after more than 80% if there is another daemon running may lose the feeling smooth. .

2: CPU maximum occupancy rate cannot be more than 90%, even if you average occupancy rate was below 50%, 90% of the card may make the picture appears on the status of the card or a meal. So our tests are based on the above conditions. First of all starting from MPEG2, all CPU have passed the test, even if MPEG2 is the weakest of the ATHLON 64 3000 + are no problem.


VC-1, we have from the King to represent the highest level, we use a single core FX62 overclocked to 3G testing, because we not pass this test prior to the FX57, the maximum CPU occupancy rate of 94%, fine end. .

In this we see with a single-core to the highest frequency of testing only through it, to less than 1% of the CPU utilization rate was too close to the edge, this also means that all single-core CPU overclocking will not be able to live without. Subsequent testing PD915 can be tested, but just pass it.


H. H.264, we use the highest level of Babel to test. I tried over to 3. .4 G's Celeron M430 are unable to resolve their software solution, it appears that non-dual-core is not. The dual-core leader also must be competent, we have seen in the low frequency E6550 E6750 still not running smoothly after the maximum has been over 93. .75%, Can only say that can not be qualified. .


Babel requires CPU e6750 more truly too smoothly.

Now we all pass the tests of the CPU listed, so you need to understand the source of all the pieces of what CPU. .

Encoding test (i.e. the highest CPU usage below 90%, on average, 80%) CPU.

MPEG2. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850 。.

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6750. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6300 。.

INTEL Pentium E2160. .

INTEL Pentium D 915 。.

INTEL Celeron M430. .

AMD ATHLON64 FX62 。.

AMD ATHLON64x2 3600 +. .

AMD ATHLON64 FX57 。.

AMD ATHLON64 4000 +. .

AMD ATHLON64 3000+ 。.

VC-1. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850 。.

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6750. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6300 。.

INTEL Pentium E2160. .

INTEL Pentium D 915 。.

AMD ATHLON64 FX62. .

AMD ATHLON64x2 3600+ 。.

H. H.264. .

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6850 。.

INTEL Core 2 Duo E6750. .

AMD ATHLON64 FX62 。.

Page 42: the frequency of the video graphics acceleration core is there any? Watch the video need not need to buy high-frequency card? . .

Graphics card 3D video acceleration core and core have any direct relationship between the video acceleration core frequency is not to follow the core frequency. This is because the core frequency, which makes the video acceleration performance is different. Heart frequency fluctuations for GF8600 video acceleration affects a very small value, were not affected. While some of the HD2600XT, but can be seen and not proportional to the frequency, so you can see and core frequency-independent. Teddy bear online www. .com .cn .beareyes... ".

In other words, whether you buy a high-frequency version of the 8600GTS, or low-frequency version of the 8600GT, not for watching video in terms of any impact. HD2600XT is also the same reason, derived from here, the core frequency and 3D performance is only related and unrelated to the video acceleration. .

Page 43: the next generation of video video acceleration technology with the help of different ones on the CPU requirements.

GF8600 for H. H.264 acceleration ability is quite good, unfortunately the VC-1 to deal with a little bit powerless feeling. This is very good while the HD2600 the other hand, all the applications did not exceed the maximum 50% CPU utilization, and this is only a 1. .6 G single-core CPU. .

44 page (s): AMD/INTEL CPU up to 11 of pure soft extract test-H. .264.

Page 45: AMD / INTEL CPU up to 11 models of pure soft extract test-VC-1. .

P. 46: AMD/INTEL CPU up to 11 of pure soft extract test-MPEG2.

P. 47: ATI / NVIDIA graphics cards up to 12 hard-decompression test-H. H.264. .

Page 48: ATI/NVIDIA for up to 12 video hard to extract test-VC-1.

P. 49: ATI / NVIDIA graphics cards up to 12 hard-decompression test-MPEG2. .

(44-49 is all part of the evaluation are interested can go take a look).

Page 50: There are differences in how the soft decoding? . .

CPU AMD ATHLON64x2 3800+(512KBx2 CACHE 200x9 DualCore) 。.

Colorful motherboards TA-690G AM2. .

Radiator Tunq Tower120.

Memory GSKILL F2-8500CL5D-2GBHK. .

The video card.

NVIDIA GEFORCE 8500GT (not open hardware decoding). .

ATI RADEON X1300PRO (not open hardware decoding).

ATI RADEON HD2600XT (do not open the hardware decoding). .

TT ToughPower 650W Power supply.

Hard disk Seagate 7200 10 250G (8M) SATA3G. .

This test we found during testing, when we are back, the head of the inspection found a problem, and what is the author of watching now.

This is 3800 + 8500 soft decompression with VC-1 cut-off of the map when King Kong, because at that time did not pay attention and not cut the picture. .


While we swap 2600XT similarly not open hardware decoding, CPU usage has dropped significantly. From an average of 53% to 39%.


We see that the tool is to disable ATI AVIVO PowerDVD, presumably the same should also be soft decompression CPU is the same ah, this is how it happened. .

The original PowerDVD in VC-1 this Prediction can only control a Pixel (pixel prediction) and Deblocking (rings for block filter) switch does not Transform the direct control of Frequency (frequency conversion) switch, so the default driver support is open. As shown in the blueprint.


PowerDVD does not fully support the switch and all the steps. .


HDTV has come into our lives, here on HDTV sources, formats, as well as related issues such as playing a specific description.


We hope to deepen the understanding of the HDTV, to embrace a new generation of audio and video formats. .


I. basic common sense.


1. . On HDTV sources. .


HDTV sources are large pieces of original classification for two:.


1. . U.S. high-definition digital TV back down, the United States on USENet newsgroup users pay to download people!. .


2. another class is derived from the Japanese digital satellite TV side recorded, these were mostly concert and MTV, there is also some scenic! will drop to USENet, some Japanese friends released, understand Japanese website for Chinese users, downloaded from Japan then type!..


Therefore, many high-definition films is not to say there are high definition, see the United States with Japan did not release. .


2. as regards the current HDTV a few questions.


Q1: HDTV chip source is how come?. .


A1: television film company purchased.


Q2: if the market is still very few players can play HDTV?. .


A2: the market is not difficult to buy HDTV? domestic own production!.


Q3: In the case of unprofitable I doubt there will be a film production company to make it a free for all to watch HDTV. .


A3: television is paid to purchase the film company, which has a free production?.


Q4: I think it is not likely part of the film source is not transferred from the DVD? . .


A4: If you cannot get the HD TV with (for example television sometimes unable to acquire a foreign film strip of HD).


May indeed take DVD upscaler sufficient number of such pseudo-HD, but very little general on-line circulation, because no one went under. .


Q5: but what people risked being accused of piracy and free large amounts for HDTV film go?.


A5: from TV companies (such as HBO or Japan NHK) to pay, called the film company paid a lot for film transfer to HD mastering,. .


By digital broadcasting system for the transmission to viewers.


Q6: Some file sizes similar to the HDTV and DVD files files really have to clear than the DVD many times it? . .


A6: General 1080i DVD movie resolution is 6 times, while the rate was only DVD 2 ~ 3 times, but the presence of the media the compression properties.


And ultra-high resolution, coupled with the latest equipment used by the film company to re-conversion of HD mastering, really clear many times more than DVD. .


Q7: seen from the rate seems to be many times greater than DVD, but why size HDTV almost, is due to the coded compression ratio high? speaks directly to the point that is the same size of the file to be clearly better than DVD HDTV?.


A7: In fact, the general is using mpeg2-ts HDTV format, with DVD, mpeg2 encoding is very similar, and therefore unlikely to be what you said: about the size of DVD, such as Lord of the Rings series on the large 22GB, DVD only 1 D9 Bale ~. .


Another Microsoft developed WMV-HD mpeg4 compression technology, uses, and can be used in low-volume, low bitrate, the better, but the tradeoff is that need high-speed hardware to play that.


In other words, mpeg2-ts is a space for time. .


While wmv-hd (including General mpeg4 spec) is the time for space.


One is better can not be assessed. .


3. .HDTV FAQs.


1. . In the end What is the DTV (digital TV Digital TV). .


DTV is the all-digital high definition (8 times more dense), wide viewing angle (16: 9) and high (5. .1 channel 's) digital transmission (broadcasting) and receiving (digital TV).


2. . DTV digital What is the purpose?. .


The most important TV digitization aims to provide more high quality DSLR.. more interactive and digital information services; the other on the same channel in..


(For example, Eastern CH40) will be re-ceded more (4 ~ 6) video channels. .


(Such as shopping. stock market analysis, etc.).


3. . Current analog broadcasting and digital broadcasting DTV What is the difference?. .


In the same Department, they all use the VHF and UHF frequency bands are used, although the UHF (CH17-CH113).


However, after the completion of digital broadcasting, may be assigned back to the original channel (such as Taiwan Television CH7). .


Digital and analogue broadcasting channels and bandwidth use (6MHZ), although the same.


However, the carrier modulation (Modulation) on the other hand is completely different from analog broadcast video (Video) is AM. .


Modulation mode, the audio is the way with FM modulation, and DTV is a digital "packet" or "string" in the video data.. audio. color.


And data information will be of high quality and a string of high-definition signals transmitted. .


There are several kinds of DTV modulation.


U.S. radio with 8VSB. .


American Cable operators (4) the introduction of QAM.


Europe and some other countries and regions (such as Taiwan) using COFDM. .


The Japanese have adopted his own special COFCM.


Take it easy! In a variety of modulation systems have been broadly established, there will be hybrid receiver (SET-TOP BOX). .


For example, 8VSB and QAM sharing in order to qualify for both wireless and Cable reception capacity.


4. . I heard all of the television call will be completely digital by 2006, and to stop analog broadcasts?. .


U.s. FCC authority in November 1998, has been selected 26 40 TV and radio.


Radio network beginning in May 1999 pilot, to November 2001 only to an aggregate. .


200DTV digital radio to start playing the digital program, estimated 2002 totals will be over.


1288 commercial digital radio stations began to broadcast digital programs. .


In January 2007, (assuming that the United States more than 85% of the households are able to receive digital broadcasts after).


Traditional analog broadcasting will completely stop playing. .


5. that's my old TV will?.


Do not worry! Will then have the converter box (SET TOP BOX) can be used to transfer high-definition DTV or HDTV and your old TV into the same. .


(Low resolution. interlaced) signals to your old TV; although the sound and picture quality you've read about that.


But at least there is no ghosting or snow such as noise. .


6. Why are there so many .DTV display mode?.


Basically only four kinds of "resolution" mode, each have several screen "refresh rate." .


In the traditional TV has 480 lines from top to bottom horizontal scan line scans per second, 60 times back and forth.


It is formed by the interlaced scanning, which is the first scan odd-numbered scan lines 1. .3. .5. .479,. .


Second scan even-numbered scan lines 2. .4. .6. .480, scan back and forth so constituted 30 piece 60 times (images/sec).


In the DTV display mode on the course, including this 480 interlaced scanning frame 30 we called 480i. .


(I stands for interlaced). In DTV will in this way to the "progressive scan" mode, if you are using a multiplier to scan.


(Or progressive scan) televisions, will greatly change the flash and the result of persistence of vision effect so produced is not clear factors. .


This display mode is called 480P (p represents the DeInterlace).


480i and 480P do not improve on the resolution, only in 480P progressive scan because the relationship makes the picture. .


Will become clearer (than 480i high by about 30%), the screen ratio is 4: 3; therefore, these two resolution 1080i and 720P.


Is referred to as HDTV (High Difination) high-definition television. .


1080i resolution of 1920 points x1080 scan line (interlaced), than the traditional TV resolution high 8 ~ 9 times more dense.


720P resolution is 1280 x720 article scanning lines (progressive scanning), although the 720P resolution. .


Less than half of 1080i, but due to human visual relationship, interning factors than interlaced scan deinterlaces clear many.


(About 30% higher static and dynamic about 50% higher), so look 1080i and 720P resolution is the same. .


4. what exactly is a true high-definition mo. ..


Even that: according to the current level, as long as they can reach 720P or above can count as high-definition programs, nothing to do with encoding. TS is MPEG2, WMV9, H. .264, Divx, XviD is MPEG4. TS stream is now used for television broadcasting, if the level of application MPEG4 hardware catch up, Random Thoughts on the last TS will transition to more advanced encoding (of a satellite transponder, if using MPEG4 encoding, capacity channels can be more than double). If it is considered as high-definition WMV9, except that it is well-born wealthy, as if no other reason to XviD excluded. .


Second, the common format.


Video:. .


Resolution:.


1920 * 1080P (mostly made friends with the 1080i). .


1920 * 1088i 1920 * 1088i (1088 more out of 8 pixel may be the cause of LUCF).


1440 * 1080i Japanese this format more. .


1280 * 1080i as eye-opening, JP, Union, murdering people, personal feeling picture quality is not very good, about 8 minutes.


1280 * 720p. .


Encapsulation format:.


TS TP TRP transport stream (transport stream). .


Program stream PS (program stream) standard MPG, VOB DVD like this format.


WMV windows Midea video. .


Along with WMV, XVID, DIVX, MKV AVI encapsulated.


Sound track:. .


AC3。.


Channel: 5. .1 2. .0. .


Bit rate: 448kbps 384kbps.


AAC. .


Channel: 5.2. .0 .1.


Rate:??. .


DTS。.


Channel: 5. .1. .


Bit rate: 1536kbps 768kbps.


Third, play. .


About HDTV playback and related questions.


I. What is HDTV? . .


HDTV to explain, we must first understand DTV. DTV is a kind of digital TV technology, is currently the technology of traditional analog TV. The so-called digital television, is from the Studio to the emission, transmission and receipt of all the links in the process is the use of digital television signals, or all of the system of signal propagation through the binary number formed by stream. Digital signal transmission rate is 19. .39 megabytes, so the big stream of data transmission speed guarantees a high definition digital TV, analog TV's deficiencies. . HDTV is a DTV standard, the highest, that is High Definision TV, Guer known as HDTV. .


Second, HDTV in audio and video signals to achieve what standards?.


HDTV sets have the video must be at least 720 non-interlaced (720p, that is often said that the progressive) or 1080 lines interlaced interlaced (1080i, that is often said interlaced) scan (DVD standard is 480 lines), the screen aspect ratio 16:9. Audio output is 5. .1 Channel (Dolby Digital format), while other lower formats compatible receiver and digital signal processing playback. .


There are three ways to display HDTV formats, namely: 720P (1280 × 720P, non-interlaced) and 1080 I (1920 × 1080i, interlaced), 1080P (1920 × 1080i, non-interlaced), which circulated on the network to 1080 720P and I are most common, and sites in Microsoft WMV-HD 1080P relatively more of the sample.


Third, how to watch HDTV programming? . .


There are two ways to view HDTV programming. One is the real time watch on TV, HDTV need to meet two conditions, first of all, the TV can receive HDTV signals, which require additional add related hardware (Figure 1 SA-2HD HD signal generator), followed by television with HDTV standards, mainly refers to TV resolution and receive ports.


The other is a computer software player. At present only a very few parts of the country can receive digital HDTV signals, and HDTV television prices are still high above, not the average consumer can bear. Therefore, in the network to find HDTC source, after download to play in the personal computer has become one of most early adopters of HDTV fans methods. .


4, which is available for computer playback of HDTV file?.


The HDTV network spread mainly two types of papers exist, one is through the standard MPEG-2 compression to. . Tp and. . Ts file for the extension of the video stream (Figure 2), one is through the WMV-HD (Windows Media Video High Definition) standard compressed. . Wmv file, and a few file suffix. . Avi or. . Mpg, its nature and. . Wmv is exactly the same. .


HDTV files are relatively large, even after restart after encoding. .wmv files are also important. With a length of time for General film,. .wmv files will have the same 4G more. length of time and .ts file .tp. can meet above 8G, and some have even reached more than 20 G. Therefore, in addition to the file name suffix, you can also use the file size to determine whether to HDTV.


5, how to broadcast HDTV in the PC program? . .


.Wmv file for., as long as the system you have installed the Windows Media Player 9 or later, you can play correctly (Figure 3), some playing the latest version of the software has already begun to support WMV-HD WINDVD6, etc., or use the software to play HDTV (Figure 4). Some HDTV file compression process used in other standard encoding format, you will need to install the corresponding codecs, Windows Media Player 9 encountered can not play correctly, you can then install ffdshow (Figure 5), it is most commonly used with a variety of codecs.


Play with. . Tp and. . Ts file for the extension of the video stream to a little trouble, because the file contains AC3 audio information, respectively, and MPEG-2 video information. Fortunately, holds many lessons have been a lot of special players. . Tp and. . Ts file software come out, Moonlight-Elecard MPEG Player is one of the more common support an HDTV broadcast of the software, the latest version is 2. . X (Figure 6). After installation, you can also run the other player to call the Moonlight-Elecard MPEG Player decoder for playback. .


6, how to identify the display format HDTV?.


At present we can not only from the file name, file size up judge an HDTV display format is 720P or 1080i, or 1080P, but many software can play when the show Yingpian image information, such as WINDVD, zplay, etc., in the software Control Panel, select the corresponding option you can see the detailed information (Figure 7). .


Seven, why do I only see the images, but they cannot hear sound?.


This is because the AC3 audio decoder is not installed, leading to HDTV audio file information can not be correctly identified reasons. The solution is to download and install the corresponding audio decoder, commonly used are AC3Filter (Figure 8). These audio and video decoder only installed once, play HDTV file system automatically calls without having to open each time to play its control interface. .


8, why can't I play the dropped frames when HDTV?.


In the home computer to play HDTV, its hardware requirements higher, mainly with the CPU, memory, memory, closely related, if these three have the same performance too low, it will have some player problems. Play HDTV frame loss occurs when the phenomenon is caused by insufficient memory capacity, especially in the play, when 1080 i HDTV format, 1920 × 1080 pixel quantity, need a large enough memory to meet its data throughput, the memory at least need more than 64M, the proposed 128M. As the 2D display, so the graphics core, but not very high computing power requirements. .


9. Why can't I play HDTV will often appear on the screen and speech?.


Some use a WMV-HD HDTV re-encoding files because it has high compression ratio required when playing a very high CPU computing power to carry out real-time decoding, in general, P4 2. .0G/AMD 2000 + or above and with the level of CPU can meet this requirement. Meanwhile, due to a larger HDTV data stream, need enough memory to support more than 256M is recommended. If your computer can not meet such a configuration, it may be generated during playback screen and the voice is not synchronized, the picture often pause, sonic boom occurred. The worst case, can not even watch smoothly.。.


10, how to optimize the system to ensure a smooth playback of HDTV? . .


Unless your computer's hardware configuration is very strong, otherwise you will likely need to make some optimization of the system so that you can successfully play HDTV. The first is in play HDTV before closing all useless daemons or processes that maximize system idle resources to play HDTV services; second, choose a low system resources occupied by the software to play HDTV. Windows Media Player, WINDVD software uses system resources and more, in the hardware configuration of the moderate systems affect HDTV playback, you can choose to use BSPlayer (Figure 9). . In addition, immediately after the opening run player, Task Manager (only valid in Windows 2000/XP 中), the player's Jincheng 级别 set to the highest (Figure 10), and it can for the HDTV in the broadcast use more system resources. In addition, install a higher version of DirectX, can also better support for HDTV playback. .


11, what other skills?.


If your PC can fluently play HDTV, then the only regret you may be too small and the speaker is complaining about too much is not enough display of strength. Speakers there is no good way to solve the problem, After all, PC speakers and home theater speaker is not the two-year, yet we can increase the display resolution to increase the sense of picture clarity and detail.。 Horizontal scan rate 720 p to 1080i is 60Hz, 50 Hz and 60Hz two, namely the region of our country and the United States. In other words, even if you display horizontal scan rate of 60 Hz mode screen HDTV or other video DVD, you do not feel but then, this is mainly due to the human eye for dynamic and static objects of induction. So you can watch the HDTV, safely monitor's horizontal scan rate is set to the resolution 60Hz, usually use then transferred back to the standard resolution.


Popular players:. .


KMPLAYER。.


BSPLAYER. .


MPC or baofengyingyin.


ZOOMPLAYER. .


Powerful player, the new Professional Edition also supports with DRM playback of HD-WMV, the disadvantage is that the title's support is implemented through the VOBSUB, VOBSUB in occupies resources when a HDTV.


Most provinces are also good resources, the effect of two players:. .


FusionHDTVDemo。.


OnAirHDEditor. .


Both players in a very general machines can also be good flowing, the effect of high bit-rate TS files (a friend of mine said to be at the expense of lower resolution), but these two are DEMO version, and does not support a title. FusionHDTVDemo only 3 minutes, it uses a filter added restrictions cannot be called from other programs, and the official version is needed by the company's hardware support. OnAirHDEditor used for a period of time will expire, but it filters can use other players call.


Subtitle:. .


With regard to the recommendation of the title.


1. . Subtitle format and storage. . Subtitle file includes three types of plain text (such as srt), a formatted text (such as ssa), bitmap (as sub). . Plain text subtitles smallest footprint, the largest bitmap subtitles. . Several subtitle formats can be interchangeable, but the most complex and error-prone from the bitmap subtitles into other formats, need to use character recognition OCR software. . Subtitle files can be stored separately, can also be encapsulated into files (such as MKV). .


2. Subtitles file normative. some download subtitle file (mainly in srt) format is not normalized, not easy to be correctly identified, easily lead to title cannot be displayed correctly (such as the KMP on subtitles require higher) require a a standard processing, such as the title area of the tool SrtEdit (by ywg). Process is very simple, mount the file, save it again.


3. . Subtitles are displayed. . Vobsub subtitles in a highly visible display filters, but because it works by means of pure software, insert the subtitles in the broadcast HDTV video data traffic so much of the application, easy to play does not lead to such phenomena as smooth, so for the novice , recommended to disable vobsub. .


Hardware acceleration:.


DXVA is referred to the video hardware acceleration, not just video data decoding (including H261, MPEG1, MPEG2, H263, MPEG4), there are Alpha blending, Picture resampling and so on. However, when the CPU utilization for playing the greatest impact, it is video decoding, especially HDTV decoding. For the low-end systems, responsible for GPU hardware decoding is the best choice. But with hardware decoding, the entire function has also been a lot of limits, especially after decompression of video data post-processing (such as deinterlace, sharpening, to Mosaic).Therefore, for the pursuit of quality, would rather give up shaoyou hardware decoding, of course, the cost of the entire system needs to be upgraded.


Hardware decoding comes into effect, how the system is running it? Now we have two processors, CPU and GPU. Them through the PCI / AGP / PCIE bus to exchange data. .


1. CPU load from the file system to the original data (DirectSHow source filter), separating out the compressed video data (separator). Drop in system memory. GPU idle.


2. CPU to compress video data to the GPU, then began a busy bus, copy compressed data from system memory to the graphics memory on the inside. .


3. CPU requirements GPU hardware decoding, now start CPU GPU into the trance, began to busy. Of course, will periodically queries about CPU GPU how busy.


4. GPU started their own video data decoding circuit (already in memory in a), uncompressed data, or on the memory inside. CPU to trance. .


5. Video decode data just completed was not to show at once, because you also need post processing such as deinterlace, 3: 2pulldown, etc. GPU with his own post processing circuit for processing. CPU or trance.


6. After post-processing uncompressed data Naqu to the screen, GPU and then get ready for the video scaling, brightness, gamma and so on things. CPU is idle. .


7. GPU finally busy out, here's a video data? CPU, GPU first notice break. CPU also began to busy to go back to step 1.


Can be seen above, the hardware decoding comes into effect, CPU, can be extremely busy, but for it to take effect, some conditions must be met. The key reason is that with CPu-> system memory and GPU-> graphics memory compared, PCI, AGP, PCIE bus is turtle speed. PCI is a 133MB / S, AGP8X is 2. .1 GB / S, PCIE16X is 4GB / S, while the CPU-system memory, GPU-memory is several times faster. Interested different times can be memory bus and AGP / PCIE bus speed of about contrast.。.


If there are steps in front of what step 1-5 GPU can not do or you do not let it do not effect the video hardware decoding, CPU is in charge. .


Of course, you may ask, maybe CPU is very slow, probably in the transmission of data on the bus without speed, GPU sharing part of the work, do it better than all of the CPU faster? maybe so, but in the Directshow architecture, on behalf of the video data processing phases filters (separator, decoder, post-processing, renderer) need to negotiate an acceptable video data storage modes, if a filter that I can only play in the system memory, we all have to play in the memory, the GPU and memory had to give up.


Understanding of such a step, when we look at the hardware decoding will fail. .


1. GPU itself there is no way to separate out decoding such as too old video card, video memory is too small, or the like, such a GF2MX GF4TI eunuch (MC and IDCT support only one). Note: there is an error!!!.


2. . GPU video post-processing is too bad, you have to find other software to do this for the fans is a very common situation, such as sharpening up DVD-fold increase ffdshow line. ffdshow to work only in system memory, it can not hand out memory on the graphics card, then had to make way for the hardware decoding software decoding. .


3. A very common one, is to use vobsub subtitles added. Vobsub is added to the decoder filter, the renderer. How the subtitles onto the original image image?, it modifies the original image, the title of the painting, and then sent back renderer (or other post-processing filters). Vobsub also can only work in the system memory in decoding, ok, or to the software.


vobsub can not, then how to add subtitles? Fortunately renderer provides a mixed mode, is to rub together several video data, the data can be in the system memory (software decoder or software generated), it can be in the graphics memory (the hardware decoding). The greatest advantage is the variety of video data can be independently generated, do not contain each other. Can use the hardware decompression decompression hardware, software live software can survive. (Similar to the circuit in series and parallel relations), which software? Such as MPC, KMP, BSPlayer, they built the subtitle engine. The ZoomPlayer With vobsub generated subtitles.。.


Media Player Classic (MPC), not to storm it and mixed up video and other packages. MPC is a player within the subtitle with a number of filters and tools, all of Gabest the cattle developed Opensource software, and the storm in addition to other MPC filter, a pile of other companies, including vobsub, theoretically there may be copyright issues. Although the development is gabest vobsub, but it shows the work of subtitles in different ways and MPC.。 If the package includes the vobsub, it is recommended that you delete it, and I'm not sure how the effect of disabling the vobsub.


KMP is also a more popular player, worthy of the major, in addition to other engine comes with subtitles, it comes with a video within the post-processing engine, if the selected image quality mode, the engine will take effect. Similarly, the engine can only play in the system memory, then the hardware decoder can only give up. Have to choose speed / high-speed mode, disable the engine, or in the system explicitly disable this option in the engine, to allow hardware decoding. .


Finally back to the topic, low-end systems to HDTV, smooth, mostly need help extract the video hardware. Several considerations.


1. . Video format to mpeg2, video card GPU to help extract (WMV currently no hardware decompression program). 【Note: in May 2005 Microsoft has finally released a patch WMV hardware decoding, but high on the graphics and system requirements, and a lot of little effect in the low-end systems, or even worse】. .


2. Video card and drivers to support mpeg2 Hardware decompression.


3. Mpeg2 video decoder to be able to extract the work-sharing to the graphics card. .


4. The video renderer to use overlay, do not use the VMR.


5. . Subtitles use the player's own, absolutely can not use vobsub. Best friends do not have subtitles. .


6. You cannot use ffdshow, nvvpp video post processing such as software, to use graphics in the advanced video processing (although probably bad point).


7. KMP must use speed, high-speed mode. .


8. Hardware, it is best not to use multiple displays (overlay on multiple display support is not good, but cost VMR support). If you need multiple displays, and many people rely on captions, you may be forced to use soft extract or VMR.


9. . Hardware, PCI card because many devices share the PCI bus bandwidth of only 133MB / S, try not to use (although generally compressed video data stream that is 10-20MbpS). . AGP is the exclusive and at least 266MB / S (AGP1X), but if possible, or what should be optimized, such as open FastWrite, SideBandAddessing the like, as long as the system is stable. PCIE? Low-end system will be PCIE it? . .


If you are not sure whether your existing configuration to use hardware decoding, we recommend that you adjust the NVIDIA decoder when used, it can clearly indicates whether or not to work on hardware decoding mode. Adjustment, you can then change it back you like hardware decoders such as sonic, cyberlink, etc..


Also it is important that strongly suggested patchwork-like audio and video decoder package such as storms, etc., which a lot of filters directshow structure will become very complicated, if you're not sure the role of a filter installed may seriously interfere with your system. Proposed to re-install the windows system, then you need only install the player and Filter. .


Supplement August 2005.


DXVA is the interface specification, graphics hardware support DXVA specification, does not mean to realize all of the features inside, but one thing is certain, regardless of what function, graphics-driven DXVA part of the code will tell the application, this feature is implemented or not achieved, it is DXVA specifications mandatory requirements. Advantage is that applications do not need to spend time and effort to test the graphics card has not implemented this feature. .


Decoder DXVA specification, does not mean that we will be able to use all the standard inside DXVA feature set, it can choose to have the ability to support themselves, or want to support the combination of features, and other functions may be abandoned. Also, although a video card that supports a certain capability, but if the decoder is of the view that the capacity to support stability, easily lead to system crashes or error, it can also give this capability.


In accordance with DXVA specification, there are three kinds of hardware decoding acceleration level. .


MC acceleration.


IDCT acceleration (with MC). .


VLD Acceleration (including MC + IDCT).


Any combination of hardware support are regarded as a DXVA hardware acceleration. Even with MC do not support, as long as honest and accountable, it would still meet the DXVA specifications. .


Most video cards support IDCT acceleration. A few graphics can support the VLD (like S3), a few graphics card can only support the MC (such as the old NVIDIA card).


Supports several different acceleration mode, the workload is not small. Decoder developed when considering that the input-output ratio will support the IDCT acceleration, but acceleration may VLD acceleration and MC will give up. This is why many people found only in the MC + IDCT graphics hardware acceleration on the reasons to open. If the decoder supports MC acceleration, only MC can also use graphics hardware accelerated. NVIDIA PureVideo Decoder can certainly support the MC speed. .


In addition, some information, GF4TI video hardware IDCT claims to support, but the hardware does not support this feature represents the functionality can easily be application use (in accordance with DXVA specification), even if it can be used, not the driver implementation is very stable and enable your application to use. For example, 3-inch floppy disk to store the data claimed that he could, but I did not dare, because bad too fast.


Low-profile machine play method:. .


1. about P3 800 + Geforce 6200A playback of HDTV MPEG2 (1080) preliminary results.


Did not want people to upgrade the machine to be a reference. .


My configuration: the machine.


P3 800EB FSB 133MHz. .


512MB 133MHz SDRAM。.


Motherboard: ASUS cuv4xd, VIA's chipset. .


OS: windows 2003 server。.


Video: Leadtek A6200 TDH. .


Monitor: viewsonic pf775 17 ".


I do not speak in detail of the commissioning process, mainly because I was not very clear, for I am a novice for HDTV broadcast. Some say the skills and experience. .


1. Video card driver is a non-official, may have difficulty installing it. Mainly because the operating system is Windows server 2003, and began to die out, but I do not know what it instead. Window xp should not be too big. In addition, there are only loaded, 2xAGP..


2. Separator must be set up, moonlight still very good. Does not understand this point before, resulting in the waste of a lot of time. .


3. Low profile aims to reduce the workload of the CPU for the video card to hard extract, everything revolves around the Centre. Video I use nvidia decoder. Audio decompression is to consume resources, so a hard extract AC3 sound card may be helpful to try several audio decoder, find the appropriate one, I use AC3Filter, I wonder if there are no more provincial resources. Another trick is to turn the monitor refresh rate is set as a multiple of 24, as this can alleviate 72Hz graphics work. When I refresh frequency from 85Hz 60Hz or to smooth, clear 72Hz. . Image quality I think I can not see the drawing, fps = 24. .


4. P3 800 essentially play mpeg2 HDTV has a lower limit, at least in terms of N card. I think A card may be better. Should I still have not succeeded in playing with FusionHDTV demo success, but fusionhdtv demo is the minimum configuration requirements for 800 + P3 or P4 + ATI GF 440. So I guess A card in the early stage of mpeg2 unzip this technically stronger than N.


5. The outcome is the mpeg2 1080i playback of hdtv basic fluency, cpu occupancy rate is generally 80% ~ 95%, FPS generally to 24. I used to test the films: mission impossible, lord of rings 1 and 3, gladiator, matrix. Display Resolution 1280x960. Which can be optimized if what skills please let us know. .


Conclusion: p3 800 possible but not recommended. If you really don't want to upgrade the entire machine, used A card may be better. (I have a laptop, you can back ATI9000 compare the image quality. ）。.


2. . Low-end system, the choice of smooth playback card. .


And high-end, low-end system compared to the system to provide smooth playing, the more dependent on video card's capacity. How do you see the video card is good or bad? a hardware mpeg2 decoding capability is (it must be hardware MC + hardware IDCT, can be dispensed with. ATI in this obvious winners). In addition, there is a higher memory bandwidth, pixel fill rate, texture fill rate, and other technical parameters. . .


In addition, the video must select AGP interface, PCI interfaces, shall not be considered in advance, if your Board does not support true AGP interface (for example, 845GV, 865GV chipset), but provides a disguised AGP interface (for example, the AGI, actual use of the PCI bridge), your AGP video card will become invalid. The reason is very simple, PCI bus total throughput is too small (some devices share 133MB/S), and is unshared AGP1X 266MB/S, 2. AGP8X achieve exclusive .1GB/S.. Video card with PCI interface is very difficult to achieve smooth playback.


3. . On the PIII-level processor description Play MPEG2 compressed HDTV. .


System:.


Microsoft Windows XP. .


Professional。.


Version 2002. .


Service Pack 2。.


Computer:. .


Intel Pentium III processor.


866 MHz, 256 MB of memory. .


AGP 4X VIA694X chipset motherboards.


Adaptec AHA-2940U2W-Ultra SCSI. .


SEAGATE ST335706LW SCSI Disk　Ｄｅｖｉｃｅ。.


NVIDIA GeForceFX5200 64MB 250MHz/400MHz. .


Ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ　ＳＢ　Ａｕｄｉｇｙ。.


PIONEER DVD-RW DVR-109. .


The playback software:.


KMPlayer. .


Ｄｉｖｘ　Ｓｕｂｔｉｔｌｅ　Ｄｉｓｐｌａｙｅｒ。.


PowerDVD6.0. .


Ｓｏｎｉｃ　ＣｉｎｅＰｌａｙｅｒ２．０１。.


Decoder: CyberLink Video / SP. .


ＮＶＩＤＩＡ　Ｖｉｄｅｏ　Ｄｅｃｏｄｅｒ。.


Sonic Cinemaster DS Video Decoder. .


Separator: Moonlight-Elecard MPEG2 Demultiplexer.


Gabest NPEG1 / 2 splitter. .


。.


. .


More about HDTV playback settings can see forum technical area and 05 8 micro-computer "when the PC is in love with HDTV, HDTV on the PC to fall in love with when providing test data: 1G processor the kill zhiber, 1280X720 completely lose, play the 1920x1024I fast and the furious 2, 27 frames/sec, and 1440X1080P P42.4G play wmv dropped frames coral completely, some even with P42.4G TS are not fluent in person should have a good rest?.


4. . Open the hardware acceleration Celeron 1. .2 G 1080I can smooth playback of HDTV Cheats! (2005 A Card N Card latest updates!) (Author: Guilin Jiang Chun). .


After countless experiments and failure, finally succeeded in my notebook to play 1080i HDTV CPU usage and only 40% to 70%.


Play 720P of the CPU occupancy only 30%!. .


Look at my hardware:.


CPU is a Mobile Celeron 1. .2 G This is a P3 Celeron, not the current strong performance of the Celeron Centrino mobile P4. .


Video card ATI's mobile version is "Radium" 16M video memory.


If your card is the following list, congratulations to you, should all be able to turn the hardware acceleration:. .


N card.


NVIDIA GeForce2 MX200. .


GF4 MX series is able to support mpeg2 hardware decode acceleration,.


GF4 Ti series (TI4x00) do not support! HEHE! . .


GF4 above support MPEG2 hardware decoding.


A card:. .


ATI's all "Radium" series (from the oldest 7000 series open this) to support hardware decoding,.


ATI RAGE 128 more earlier does not fully support, will be part of the picture is not normal. .


If your video card is the following list, congratulations, should all be able to open the hardware acceleration:.


Must install the software:. .


1. .KMPLAYER (or ZOOM PLAYER (unfortunately, this cannot load subtitles, VOB plug-in immediately 100% of the resources consumed), or equivalent principles should also be used for BSPLAYER), here used KMPLAYER..


2. . Install this player, mainly using his band SONIC decoder. .


Note: after installation to run his player once and select "options" menu set once, otherwise you'll be prompted not registered error.


The hardware must be:. .


Support for hardware MPEG decoder card, ATI's "Radium" series are supported, I was the worst 16M memory notebook can be supported on that.


Other limited conditions, can not test, so it please feedback!. .


Use the format: MPEG2 encoding HDTV movie. Microsoft WM9 series of unsuitable!..


Now most of the Internet to download are MPEG2 encoded 1080I, 720P for HD, so this method is still meaningful. .


Principle: now playback decoder is pure CPU decode, hardware video MPEG decoding on integrated and underused, so this method is utilized.


Cards hardware MPEG decoding to achieve smooth playback 1080I video purposes. .


Steps:.


Installed above said CINE PLAYER player, run one of his players, and select "options" menu set the time, otherwise it will prompt the error is not registered. .


To set the KMPLAYER (press "F2" key).


In accordance with the picture settings, not the election. .


This decoder.


Select the separator:. .


The last step, select the "SUPER SPEED", otherwise an error! " SUPER SPEED "is to let the player through to skip the special effects processing, you can improve the speed.


OK, play a "bikini" look, if this "press TAB" key to view the decoding of the situation now that we have set are correct: the. .


This method is almost perfect, has tested the BT download almost all the 1080I and 720 p are perfect to play!.


ATI graphics card as long as there is no friend to the market to buy a 2 hand placement of the most low-end HDTV will be able to experience the fun of it!. .


Enjoy HDTV 1080I!.


Also:. .


If the image to the intermediate pressure:.


In KMPLYAER in the election "SCREEN CONTROL" -> "FULL SCREEN (STRETH)" can be. .


You can also press "CTRL-ENTER".


If the title is garbled:. .


There are many films, generally used inside LUCF "PAN & SCAN"-> "INCREASE HIGH menu, with a height can be expanded to 4 pixels, 2 times by height expansion of 8 pixels, just the LUCF moved out of the screen. You can also press shortcut key "Ctrl 8 (keypad) 2 times. Oh, this method just like I do, use Z1, 16: 9 projector screen, if you are 4: 3 projector this method does not work!.


In my Celeron 1. .2 G of the system immediately if you turn off the hardware decoder CPU 100% occupied even select "SUPER SPEED". .


Choose "SUPER SPEED".. mode selection such as Moon decoder is not smooth playback. In another 2500 + processor computer (motherboard integrated video card does not support hardware decoding), 1080I playback pauses!..


So I do not think there is a hardware decoding capabilities. And not to reduce the quality to increase the playback speed!. .


KMPLAYER is sometimes not set you want to use a decoder, please RESET!..


Strongly recommended for the novice to set the following methods! ! ! Just 1 minute to complete set up:. .


Bring up the options menu to set the decoder (which can be directly press "F2" shortcut):.


Search on:. .


Note the open hardware decoding.


Confirm that I have chosen this NVIDA decoder:. .


Sure you have selected this separator.


The last step was:. .


Other: from the official confirmed that do support hardware acceleration decoding 1080I!.


Video Specific Features. .


HDTV capable MPEG2 decoding (DXVA or Software) up to 1280x720p and 1920x1080i MPEG2 video streams 。.


VGA: Standard (Basic), Motion Compensation Accelerated, iDCT Accelerated, Subpicture Decoding / Alpha-Blending Accelerated. .

For more than one table to do an index:.

The first worksheet in the appropriate place, insert a sheet or another. .


1. macro 3. remove the .0 worksheet name:.


Press Ctrl + F3 custom name dialog box appears, named X, in the "reference location" box type:. .


=MID(GET。.WORKBOOK(1),FIND("]",GET。.WORKBOOK(1))+1,100) 。.


OK. .


2, use the HYPERLINK function bulk insert connection:.


Sheet in the directory (usually the first sheet) of the A2 cell enter the formula:. .


=HYPERLINK("#'"&INDEX(X,ROW())&"'!A1",INDEX(X,ROW())) 。.


Fill the formula down until the error so far, the directory to generate. .

Excel sharing:.

In the "Tools" menu, click "Share Workbook" command, then select "Edit" tab, select the "Allow multiple users to simultaneously edit the same time allows workbook merging" check box, in the "Advanced" tab can be "automatic update interval", "conflict resolution between users Amendment" and "personal view property" and set, under normal circumstances, the "Advanced" tab in the various parameters can be directly use the system default value, then one Click "OK" button. When prompted, save the workbook. In the "File" menu, click "Save As", then save the shared workbook shared folder.。.


Cico prompt then the file name in the title bar after more than a "share" the word that share the success of the workbook set. .


As you proceed, requires that each branch of the sheet can be used only by the branch is responsible for editing, other people only read permissions. Click "tools → protection → allow users to edit ranges," in the opened window click the "new" button, enter the "new zone" dialog box (shown in figure). In the "new zone" in the form of "title" box, enter the user name, click the "reference cell" input box to the right of the button, press "Ctrl + A" key combination, you can enable full table range references "= 1: 65536" into the input box. . Different working tables corresponding to different users, you can repeat the above steps to set the table for the other editors of regional and password. .


If the same worksheet in a different part of the unit (such as certain rows or columns) also need to specify a different user, "" allow users to edit ranges dialog box, click the "new" button, follow these steps to select the appropriate area.


Click the "Tools → Protection → Protect Sheet" menu command, open the "Protect Sheet" dialog box, in the "unprotect sheet using the password" box enter the password, then click "OK" button. .


If not, then any user can open the "allow users to edit ranges dialog box" and thus to cancel or change have already set up the editing area. If the workbook with multiple worksheets, you need to set the editing area, we're going to set in order to protect the worksheet. In addition, this step must be set before sharing the workbook.


The store submitted data, the abolition of the protection of the worksheet (and select "Tools → Protection → Unprotect Sheet" menu command), enter the password, you can have permission to work in their edited form, on the other there is no authorized areas can only view the content. .


At this point, the individual departments as long as access to the shared folder, named shared Excel file, enter the name of the worksheet, you can enter data. Various work tables are completely transparent, and a Department at the same time to view other parts of the latest progress of the rectification. You can check the current who is editing a shared workbook and use automatic updates to keep your change monitoring. To use a shared workbook, if show "the shared workbook" dialog ("Tools" menu of "shared workbook" command), the "Edit" tab lists the current open the workbook by all users. . .

1, the situation is different.

A pig, a sheep and a cow, being held in the same corral. Once, shepherds caught pig, he loudly howl, violently resisted. Sheep and cows hate it howl, he said: "He always catch us, we do not fuss." Pig heard replied: "I catch you and capture is completely different, he catch you, just want you to hair and milk, but catch me, but to kill me too!. " .

The position is different, the different kinds of people, it is difficult to understand the other's feelings, so other people's frustration, frustration, pain, it is not advisable to gloat, but should be caring, understanding mood. Be forgiving heart!.

2, on their own. .

Little snail asked MOM: why are we going from born to carry this heavy shells?.

Mom: Because our bodies do not support bone, only to climb, they climb unhappy. Therefore, the protection to the shell! . .

Little snail: Caterpillar sister no bones, too slow, why she does not carry this heavy shells?.

Mom: Because her sister can become a butterfly caterpillars, the sky will protect her ah. .

Little snail: but no bones earthworm brother climbing fast, nor will it turn into a butterfly back his what's wrong with this heavy shells?.

Mom: Because earthworms brother will drill soil, the earth will protect him ah. .

Little snail tears: we, the sky is not protected, and the Earth is not protected.

Snail mother consoled him: so we have hull ah! We do not rely on day to live on, we rely on our own. .

3, sharks and fish.

.

Finally, a collision that sharks are no longer block glass, those gorgeous tropical fish no longer care about, it seems like they just touch the wall frescoes, it begins to wait a day fixed by the CARP appears, and then use his agility for hunting instinct to return to the sea, it seems to me that the attacks of vicious arrogance, but all this is simply false, experiment to the final stage, the experiment will take the glass, but no response to a shark, but every day is still in a fixed area tour it will turn a blind eye on tropical fish, even when those carp, fled to the other side, he would immediately give chase, said nothing like the past, the experiment is over, it's experimental mock meekest of fish in the sea. . .

4 miracles.

In a remote French town, is rumored to have a particularly efficacious springs, miracles often occur, can treat various diseases. One day, a cane, losing a leg in the war veterans, came limping to the town road, next to the town's back with a sympathy kiss, said: "Poor guy, should he wish to God you ask again a leg? "This sentence has been heard ex-soldiers, he turned and said to them:" I do not pray to God there is a new leg, but to ask him to help me and told me not After a leg, but also know how to live. ". .

Just imagine: learning to lose Thanksgiving, the fact of the loss of a regardless of gain and loss of life, always have to make their own life is full of beautiful and glorious, does not cry for the past and strive to live their own lives.

5, fishing rod. .

There's a man to fish in the River, a child went to see his fishing, old skills, so soon caught the baskets full of fish, see child cute elderly, to the whole fish baskets, baby gift he shook his head, the old man surprised asked: "why don't you?" the boy answered: "I want you in the hands of the fishing rod. "The old man asked:" do you want a fishing rod? "the boy says:" this crate fish eaten soon, if I have a fishing rod, I can catch his. "I think you will say: good smart kid. Wrong, he only fishing rod, he will eat a fish. . As a child watching old people that eat there as long as fishing rod fish, like the staff to see the boss, that only sit in the office, have rolled into the financing. .

1. Title: side side … ….


Children to write: one side off his clothes, while trousers. .


Teacher remarks: he is going to take off or to wear it?.

2. Title: One. .


Children: one of my left leg was injured only.


Teacher comment is: Are you a centipede it? . .

3. Title: one.


Children wrote: work, Dad's home land after another. .


Teacher: you really have gone to several father?.

4. Title: sad. .


Wrote: I door there is a ditch very sad.


Teacher comment is: the teacher is more sad. .

5. Title: yoyo.


Children to write: my mother short and tall, fat and thin. .


Teacher with a brush, your mother is deformation magic?.

6. Title: Look. .


Children: what you see! seen Ah.


Teacher comment is: never seen before. .

7. Title: Bull.


Children to write: thriving Wing confession. .


Teacher remarks: don't watch too much TV!.

8. Title: delicious. .


Children: delicious ass.


Teacher comment is: Some things can not eat. .

9. Title: the naive.


Children wrote: really hot today. .


Teacher remarks: you're innocent.

10. Title: Sure enough. .


Children: yesterday I eat fruit and drink cold water.


Teacher comment is: is the phrase, not separate. .

11. Title: the first ... and then ... examples: first, then washing bath.


Children wrote: Sir, good-bye! . .


Teacher remarks: imagination than the wisdom of human beings.

12. Topic: What is. .


Children: a train passes, besides what is moreover Moreover condition.


Teacher comment is: I die. .

1. Decides that the economy forward and not a Fortune 500, they only decided to media, headlines in the newspapers, television, real GDP in percentage of maximum or those obscure the real innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises; to promote social progress is also not a few star CEO, but more quietly at work who is equally obscure, and even cultural education background is not high, and among those, there are managers, entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs. — Peter · Drucker.

2. . Selling point is not to sell goods, but sell yourself. - Qiaojilade. .

3. I believe in the power of the employees. I believe that if they make a mistake, you should let them know that this does not lead to undesirable consequences. True to cause the consequences of wrong tried to cover up. But if the employee does not wish to make a mistake, then they will never be able to make the right decisions. On the other hand, if they make a mistake, you should let them go to your competitors. — Citigroup business motto.

4. . The minority is often proved right, because most people do not seriously. - Anonymous. .

5. where no measure, you cannot control. — Anonymous.

6. . There is no such thing as commodities. Customers are really buying is not the goods, but the solution to the problem. .

— Ted · Levitt.

7. . Win the foundation for the self-serving. In business, if always for their own sake, without regard to others, along with the potential benefits also "fly". - Tiny beginning. .

8. do business, as the situation changes. Small businesses that do big business services; and view that you want to look at the politics, the situation. — Pan hongjiang.

9. . Must not follow the fashion industry, do other companies refuse to do. Meanwhile, other companies do not have to do, or in the near future could do. - Churchill B · Dong Xie. .

10. as long as it is not quite important commodity, not a moderate proposals, the rapid development of the Canton, is tantamount to quickly make a variety of bankruptcy, the only commodity uninterrupted tandem listing for the rapid development of business with a clean slate. — Takahashi constitutional lines.

11. . In tough times, enterprises are to get the chance to survive, the only way is to maintain an attitude of always facing the outside world. For long-term survival, the only way is to make everyone do everything, do everything possible to make the next generation of products to customers at home. - John Doyle. .

12. no sunset in the world, only behind and enterprises and enterprises. — Anonymous.

13. . In China, innovation is the first copy. - Anonymous. .

14. product is character, defective products are the enemy. — Anonymous.

15. . In order to develop goals and objectives, a manager must work within the company as well as external market conditions quite well Caixing. - Aoki Wu 1. .

16. managers not just tell people how the guy, but rather to stimulate team have reported negative and North Korea. — G · Raymond.

17. . To do business like repair towers, If you want to up bricklaying, and forget to lay a solid foundation, tower will collapse one day. .

— Wooden Puyang seijuro.

18. . Blindly increase in staff, expansion of facade, instead of improving the preparation, not how long the good times to maintain. - Matsushita. .

19. management of the first goal is to make a relatively high wage and low labor cost. — Taylor.

20. . As a leader, must have expressed a clear, accurate and self-confidence, convinced that everyone in the organization understand the business objectives. - Anonymous. .

21. under no circumstances the responsibility has a quantitative, if any party to assume more responsibility, then the other party will reduce the burden of responsibility. — Anonymous.

22. . Good manager will not let the staff felt he was managing people. - Anonymous. .

23. in order to do that first. — Anonymous.

24. . Quality that is free of charge. - Anonymous. .

26. the foot and depending on the Hill; the officials for as you like depending on the key; the Hill as worthless, Chen Jun passers-by; depending on the subject, Robinson Ruquan Ma Jun-Chen as "bandits". --Mencius.

27. . The likes, the next will follow. - (Tang) Yu Shinan. .

28. from an administrative perspective, the shortest distance between two points is not necessarily a straight line, but it is an obstacle to the smallest curve. — Anonymous.

29. . Senior management to do the right thing, doing things right middle managers, executives staff to do the right thing. - Anonymous. .

30. Chinese entrepreneurs is the grassroots, in front of you is always a grass-roots. -Hainan Airlines Chen Feng, Chairman of the Board.

31. . We need 80% from 20% of what we do. - [United Kingdom] Richard Cork. .

32. we do not necessarily know where the right path, but not in the wrong way to go too far. --[-] Arthur w/Weir · green.

33. . There is nothing easier than busy, there is nothing more difficult than the multiplier. - [U.S.] Alex Kema Ken policy. .

34. in short cuts, President; always keep a straight face, so that the boss; often ignored, then call manager. — Anonymous users.

35. . Humble attitude often makes them difficult to refuse your request. This is also the key to a person invincible. - [Japanese] Matsushita. .

36. whether stale confirmed eggs not ate it up. — Anonymous.

37. . The success of most organizations, managers average of no more than two percent contribution, the success of any organization and business, comes from a team rather than the individual. - [U.S.] 罗伯特凯利. .

38. innovation is the creation of a resource. — Peter · Drucker.

39. . In the absence of disagreement, not to make any decisions. - General Motors CEO Alfred Sloan. .

40. a good retreat, and a great victory as a prize. — Swiss military theorist Philippine Minni.

41. . If you have a project, we must first consider whether there is to do. If no one did, we should give up, this is a necessary condition. - Liu. .

42. Management is a serious love. — — American international agricultural machinery business company Chairman West Los · MUI cock.

43. . Emotional investment is the least expensive of all investments, the highest return on investment. - Fujita, Japan, McDonald's Chairman and field. .

44. Management is to simplify complex issues, the confusion of normalization. — — American GE CEO Jack Welch ·.

45. . The only sustainable competitive advantage, perhaps more than your competitors the ability to learn faster. - Planning Director, United States Shell Oil 阿瑞斯德格. .

46. If you can't beat, to join them. — — American business wisdom.

47. . The new economic era, not 大鱼吃小鱼, but the fast fish eat slow fish. - Cisco CEO John Chambers USA. .

48. the devil in the details. — International architect Mies van de ·. ·.

49. . Third-plus first-class execution ideas, never add more than third-class ideas and better execution. - Japan's Softbank, Masayoshi Son, chairman. .

50. it is not possible to assess it cannot manage. --[-] Joan · Margherita.

51. . If you have two people thinking the same, a dismissal. What do you want a copy? - [U.S.] 杰里克劳斯. .

52. If you have a piece of work must make him to the busiest man. – [Us], President, Westinghouse Enterprise baite · Kirby.

53. . There is no such thing as commodities. Customers are really buying is not the goods, but the solution to the problem. - [U.S.] 特德莱维特. .

54. the customer is always right; second, if you have any questions, please refer to article 1. — U.s. Wal-Mart retail company Chairman Robertson · Walton.

55. . Can not be dried to succeed, first of all see if there is no passion. - Anonymous. .

56. as a thief, and when it does, but after our losses. If you want to be free from loss, only grab the opportunity. — Anonymous.

57. . A girl eager to marry, but will scare away young man. - Anonymous. .

58. self-confidence may not be able to make you successful, but the loss of confidence but will definitely give you fail. — Anonymous.

59. . When you have no time to rest when the rest is your time. - Anonymous. .

60. If we do not believe that the "market", you can be sure that the "market" is no chance of survival in this society. This is also a kind of "path dependence"; the more you do not believe that the "market", when it will use other means, such as "Government". So, you rely on the Government "in the" experiences on the accumulation of more abundant, this in turn persuade you even do not believe that the "market". This is a "concept" and "substance" of the historical process of interaction. — Professor Wang dingding Peking.

61. . A mature manufacturing managers must be good motivation. .

62. the costs of enterprise level if you are in the national average is starvation.

63. . Enterprises dependent on government, will eventually die, dependent on others, and eventually death. .

64. the competitors to be the "Wolf", you will have to "dances with Wolves", the best way is to put myself into the "Wolf", and then become more than the "Wolf" and "crafty" Fox ".

65. . There is a difference in people's ability, and to recognize people's differences, and different people give different contribution to return, to make everyone envious of contributors, imitation contributors, constantly stimulate their approach to talent. .

66. the talent introduction to emancipation, the introduction of five people, two men's line is guaranteed, there are three men's line, enterprises can make. Pingxiang city, Jiangxi province--iron and steel company Chairman TU Jian-min.

67. . When the streets are covered with blood when the time is your best investment. - Li Ka-shing. .

68. success is doing simple things. — Anonymous.

69. . The hardest thing to do is to easy to do consistently. - Anonymous. .

70. If you are not willing to pay a moment to get success, you may use the patience to endure the lifetime has failed. — Anonymous.

71. . Money when money is most important, get enough money after the most important. - Anonymous. .

72. If the enemy makes you angry, it means you haven't won his grasp; if a friend makes you angry, that shows you still care about friendship. — Anonymous.

73. . I would not care the spirit of the mood - a greater loss than the loss of a bigger mistake than mistake. - Anonymous. .

74.. perhaps death can be taught people everything, however, as the outcome after the exam, although you can make anything, but it is too late! — the unknown.

75. . Only a fool would do everything possible to please everyone. - Anonymous. .

76. If it is not in the quality of being, more difficult in quantity. — Anonymous.

77. . Like satisfaction, great views; to be assured to be careful. - Anonymous. .

78. from should not be lost, so it shouldn't be lost. — Anonymous.

79. . Willing to be willing, can you win with homes, small homes small to large homes large enough, regret and rare, not reluctant. - Anonymous. .

80. no issues are the biggest problem.

81. . If you do not know what, it was nothing. - Anonymous. .

82. No breakthroughs, you can't beat the all. — Anonymous.

83. . Success is outstanding than the others a little. - [U.S.] 乔治克拉森. .

84. in order to anticipate what the next 10 years, we must look to the past ten years events.

85. . Honesty, like a house foundation, if the foundation is weak, in the above cover a large house, once the storm will be blown down. .

86. in my philosophical dictionary, means and objectives are interchangeable terms. --[-] Intel founder Andy · Steve Gruber.

87. . On the boss of humility, is a responsibility; on colleagues humility is a quality; on subordinates humility, a kind of honor. - [U.S.] Benjamin Franklin. .

88. the establishment in the business of friendship than friendship on business. – [Us] · Rockefeller · John D..

89. . If all my plants, equipment, market, all money taken away, but as long as keep my organization personnel, four years later, I remain a steel magnate. - [U.S.] Andrew Carnegie. .

90. why should I do first? "that is only one result, a statistical results. ... On a business to sustainable development, key in maintaining sustained core competitiveness.

91. . Vanke got this far is because there is a stable state of mind, one step at a time. In this society, there are a lot of things can not go beyond, not how fast you want to be able to fast. - Wang Shi above. .

92. a tie is small, but if it is not appropriate, might have to be followed for the shirt, shoes. I don't want to put a tie with clothes are replaced. — — Shanghai Shanda networking co. Chairman Chen Tianqiao.

93. . I ask that speed, as soon as possible, I would not say in three months to plan, this plan is on the clear punctuation have changed, and then do these things, I will not. I am learning by doing side implementation of the amendment. Sure thing as long as third, I dare to do. - Beijing Gome Chairman Huang Guangyu. .

94. plan only 50 per cent. — Anonymous.

95. . And criticism, difficult to imitate. - [Ancient Greece] Zeuxis. .

96. we had a tongue and two ears, so we hear more, say less. – [Greek] elaia in Zeno 's.

97. . Ancient and modern, into big business, universities, asked who will read the three types of state: 'Last night, westerly withered Bishu. The tower alone, Wang Jin End of the World Road '. This is also the first environment. 'Belt she does not regret becoming wide-end, to eliminate the Iraqi people to languish. 'This is also the second environment. 'The public in finding his 1000 Baidu, when I look back, that person is in, the lights dim. 'This is also the third border. - Wang Guowei. .

98. boring is a happy person. – [British] H · Walpole.

99. . God, help me watch my friends! As for my enemies, and I shall deal with. .

100. in the cleared areas only should not seek to use the power.

101. . By nature suspicious encourage others who betrayed him. .

102. People love and their position in the same person more than its owner.

103. . Desperate people often win. .

104. Do late than done poorly. This can be used in all areas.

105. . Fair to the extreme becomes extreme insult. - [France] Voltaire. .

106. People that everything is going to be sick, in addition to understanding. – [Roman] Virgil.

107. . System was not implemented, more dangerous than no system. - [Britain] Francis Bacon. .

108. Once you attract people's attention, and never let it slip, if the crowd's attention turned to other people, then you will not be able to assess losses.

109. . Change is the life. Senior management's job is not to formulate strategy, but to create a new concept to keep breeding organizations is to create conditions for the content, not design. In this process, most can not be ignored is the affirmation of the talent and motivation. .

110. Disdains chat leaders will let people find it difficult to close.

111. . Most people look down on something he can understand, but do not understand what was highly. .

112. A moment of excitement and exciting victories can lead to fatal results.

113. . Things just have not yet reached the realm of perfection, they have continued to receive benefit; once it has reached perfection in the situation, they will become weak. - [West] 巴尔塔沙葛 La Xian. .

114. Good, not evil, chaotic penalty; the penalty is evil instead of good will. — $ [DOM]..

115. . And world affairs, in order to overcome difficulties and waste one of those 10 to 10 idle and waste were nine. - [Northern Qi] tui. .

116. Business is life, every day we all want to win a game.

117. . If you do not do the first, we must find a way through the strategy to be the first. .

118. Let your seed germination, allow people to evolve and innovate, instead of a control by your side. The company's success, everyone should have a passion.

119. . Individual ability is the lack of sustainability. If all of the ideas came from CEO, CEO tells everyone how to do everything, then this is not long-term success. - [U.S.] Jack Welch. .

120. Zhongguancun although looks very fire, in fact, is one of the rural economy. Because here, who introduced a new, market products, will soon be followed by other enterprises, like a kind of potato farmers this year made money, next year the village all kinds of potatoes, as reproducibility, imitation of a very strong, but they do not, do not over the long term. — Zhang weiying.

121. . Let me tell the story of entrepreneurship, as the story of Sister Xianglin tell A Mao as too little about more significant. - "Forbes" and "European currency" double Mainland China's richest Ding Lei. .

122. 8 people, nine is used. — The lifan Group Chairman of the Board visited our factory.

123. . Alibaba today can survive for three reasons: First, I do not understand technology. Software development company, I would be the first trial who, if I would not use that ordinary businessmen will not. Second, we do not have much money, so live to be stingy. Third, we have no business plan, the industry changes too fast, never catch up with changes in plans. - Alibaba founder Jack Ma. .

124. Proceeds from the investment perspective, the more you work, the company benefits. The company's policies should not be on merit, but rather by labor reward. — The Chairman of the Board Dr. jiren Liu Neusoft.

125. . Nike shoes many places in the world can produce, but people will not say that "China's Nike" or "Malaysia's Nike," Nike is the American people think the product. - SAP vice president of Greater China Shang-Ling JUI. .

126. Want to learn more about Microsoft being Microsoft's secret, in addition to these, there is no other alternative. Otherwise, even if you live in the next Bill Gates ·. — Weiruanzhongguogongsi Tang, Chief Executive Officer.

127. . I think too much, so what have bothered to do! - [France] Weiliyede Lear - Adam. .

128. No one is willing to die either. – [Method]-El Amor.

129. . You do something on like he would never die as live. .

130. Know how to put up with everything may Almighty.

131. . People to avoid giving too little, it promises a lot. .

132. Lazy thinking to do certain things.

133. . People have a desire to serve others, until they really have this ability so far. .

134. Peace makes people happier, but also to make human weakness.

135. . If people do not know how to enjoy wealth, it would not really have the wealth. - [France] vauvenargues. .

136. Plan is the imagination of the mind. – [Method] .-L J... Vedova El. ..

137. . It should not be ashamed to admit mistakes, because it shows that grow today than yesterday. .

138. If all the second country to grant a person, then the person can sit country. – [Ireland] swift.

139. . I believe, but verify. - Ronald Reagan. .

140. Once something has been formed, and a natural, then it is no longer worthwhile. – The father of the "creative thinking" Edward · Charbonneau · de.

141. . You know what we can control it? We can control the outcome. .

— EBay company's stock fell 70% after the company's popular word.

142. . Investing in stocks is only one secret to getting rich, buying the stock after the lock in the box waiting, patiently waiting. .

— U.s. Billionaire Warren Buffett. ·

143. . Success, usually in an appropriate time in an appropriate place to do a right thing. .

— Intel Corporation joint founder, founder of "Moore's law", Gordon · Moore.

144. . We can do is to bet the people who we choose. Therefore, all our work is to select the appropriate person. .

– The United States, the person in charge of General Electric Jack · Welch.

145. . If your working life not mistakes at some point, you're not a good free hand. .

146. Beijing and Nokia are more than just a city and a company, they are all well-known brands in the world.

- Nokia CEO Jorma Ollila above. .

147. I spend a lot of time to imagine coming world and almost does not spend time today or tomorrow, this week or this month, quarter or the year of the plan and work.

- AOL Time Warner chairman Steve Case. .

148. So many years that Dell's success, some experience is an imitation.

- Dell, Kevin Rollins, president and chief operating officer. .

149. One of the most daring adventure sometime? when. Make some money then you then tell him to vote, he trembles, will want to go in the event of a hit and then had no money, what will be the days. This kind of family farming business ideas, is the largest enterprise of the greatest obstacles.

- Neusoft Group Chairman Dr. Liu Jiren. .

150. To the needs of the enterprise into a personal hobby, enterprises need you don't sleep won't sleep, enterprises need you don't eat not to eat.

151. . When you ask 100 people [the meeting] is only on the 80 chairs, will ensure that all positions are filled. .

152. As an enterprise administrator, you may consider personal is an irresponsible way of thinking, because a manager's success is everyone feel successful. If you want to do with you a few hundred, people's lives, you give them? — more kingsoft AG CEO Leijun.

153. . How to understand the "standard" word, I have three views: First, companies get themselves a "entertain" standard; followed by the appropriate authorities by the Government to develop the industry standard; the third is who in the market share high, whoever forms the de facto standard, such as QQ in China is a de facto standard. - Yahoo China President Zhou Hongyi. .

154. Motorola in China's greatest success was in the "Tang" dance. – Former President of Motorola China, Ltd. Microsoft greater China CEO Chenyongzheng.

155. . A shirt manufacturer, of course will not only allow a team to put him clothes, took the whole team bought. .

156. In China, there is a HISTORY of most of the vitality and vigor. There is no history of business in China is the most promising enterprises, because there will be many opportunities.

157. . Then Ford bought Volvo, with 65 billion dollars. In fact, there are 500 million U.S. dollars as long as Ford's own funds can, and the remaining 6 billion U.S. dollars were found from the capital market. .

158. Cost control this kind of thing, and there is no need for wisdom, you only need to resolve.

159. . A lifetime as long as one thing to do successfully on the line. - More than the original head of Gu Chujun Greencool system. .

160. A good company and a company's fundamental difference is that, even if you were laid off, you still got love for the company. — Experienced Lucent layoffs Lucent Technologies (China) company to an employee.

161. . Far better to the monks chanting. - Anonymous. .

162. One main injustice, unfaithful Ministers. --Xunzi.

163. . Not only from the heart to a slave, Xi melancholy and grief alone? Past experience of enlightenment is not the bridge, known to those of can be traced; really lost its not far, felt this was wrong. (Series Editor's Note: The form of labor, movement of the servants also; Xi (Yin Xi), He has. Has, through to; the bridge, and only too; fact, the proof also.) - [Southern Song Dynasty] Tao Qian. .

164. Dominate the life is wealth instead of wisdom. – [Greek] theophraste Bustos.

165. . Who is the master of the sea, sooner or later will become the dominant empire. - [Ancient Greece] Themistocles. .

166. Need is the most powerful things, because there is no goal is unattainable. – [Greek] Thales.

167. . Straightforward provoke hatred. - [Roman] 泰伦提乌斯. .

168. I fear only acted in accordance with a book. – [Italy] St. · Thomas Aquinas ·.

169. . Extreme highest level of precision is a fool. - [France] Turgot (Anne Robert Jacques Turgot). .

170. People can only trust that their people. – [Method] Talleyrand de Perigord (Charle Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord).

171. . All should be taken seriously, but do not look too serious. - [France] Thiers (Adolphe Thiers). .

172. Due diligence without limits. — During the 19th century a French Admiral.

173. . A person can not lie to his own, he also can no longer live in the world. .

174. If with the youth died only bad things, so that the rest of the year will be extremely tough. – [Russia] Turgenev.

175. . A person [in order] as if a score, he can be compared to the actual elements, but like his own valuation of the denominator, the denominator, the smaller the value the greater the score. - [Russian] Leo Tolstoy. .

176. When I have 100 employees, I want to stand in front of the headquarters staff; when employees increased to 1000 people, I have stood in the Middle, pleads for staff employees from; when employees reach 10000, I just stood behind a grateful employees. – [Japan] Matsushita.

177. . Not for the sake of others would not have their own benefit and prosperity. - [Japan] YKK zipper company founder Ji Tian Zhongxiong. .

178. Business there are two kinds of logic: one is to do a small pie, own eat most; the pie bigger, than a small part of it. In my view, the latter are more promising, which is why Sun is very happy to see IBM, BEA, and so become competitors, while Microsoft will always attempt to monopolize and around the market. – [Us] "the father of Java technology" James · Dr. Gautier Shihlin.

179. . Chinese enterprises can not become bigger and stronger, but as long as Chinese companies become bigger and stronger, the cost is likely out of control, follow-up to financial difficulties caused by enterprises. [Therefore,] the Chinese companies become bigger and stronger, such as, [may] will only lead to tragedy! - Lang. .

180. Doing business in China, you must learn how to reconcile. It is necessary to learn advanced management methods, but also to society in the Chinese environment. — TCL Group Chairman and Chief Executive of Li. ..

181. . Re-adjustment is inevitable in enterprise development, and enable enterprises to change the better. Obviously, any business development are constantly changing, looking for the best model has been moving forward. We do not look at later, the last has not changed. - BenQ Group chairman Lee Kun-yao. .

182. Hisense diversification is not a simple social and business diversification, we advocate professional relationship strong diversification. Strong professional relevance is not unrelated things ...-Hisense Chairman Zhou houjian.

183. . If you have the ability to do one thing, or an industry do a good job, really no need to think about something else. - Great Group Chairman Zhang Yue. .

184. I always believe in doing things for the following three principles: the courage to change can change things, the serenity to accept anything that unchangeable wisdom to know the difference. — Google China President and former Vice President Kai-Fu Lee, Microsoft world.

185. . Perhaps the only character shown only in the major moments, but definitely does not matter when in the formation. - Anonymous. .

186. If a person in the eyes of others never too clever, he must have been quite clever. — Anonymous.

187. . If the views of two people always consistent, that is, one of which is redundant. - Anonymous. .

188. Explanation ever redundant. Because people do not understand you need it, don't know what you people do not need it. — Anonymous.

189. . Culture like tranquilizers. The less a person of knowledge, the easier it "exciting." - Anonymous. .

190. When money and most importantly, money the most important in the future. — Anonymous.

191. . The water is clear there are no fish, were clever has no. Ming has gone, Cong have not heard, give little too big to listen to the amnesty, not to seek the meaning of preparation in one too. - "Han." .

192. Restrained person is the most powerful people. – [Roman] Seneca (Seneca).

193. . Endurance and lasting than intense and fanatical. - [Law] to de la Fontaine. .

194. Loss of wealth for people suffered heavy losses, but lose the courage of the people, everything is finished! — [Spain] · · Miguel de Cervantes.

195. . Do not make every effort to compete with your colleagues. You should care about is stronger than you now own. - [U.S.] William Faulkner. .

196. Evaluation of a person to see him from the top down to the bottom of the State, rather he is in top condition. – [United States] George · Smith · Barton.

197. . Outside there are some rumors that the company could put its PC business to be spun off or sold. In fact, we do not do that ... ... we have products for individual consumers, provide services, can give us a very good knowledge and understanding of the market, so that we better serve the business market. .

198. Those who work with passion, love, and their productivity is no passion of the people is much higher.

199. . If ... ... your performance than the market average in the industry, you achieve maximum efficiency, your business processes and the whole process is the best, you the highest customer satisfaction, your shareholders, your Finance is also the most satisfied ... ... I think you are the greatest company. .

200. We have to choose what kind of person? ... no matter what you do, look at his work enthusiasm and passion, whether there is a very strong leadership, and executive power of doing things, but to a very fast speed and others, to get things done. These are very important. --[-] Hewlett-Packard CEO Mark Hurd · the world (Mark Hurd).

The two sides in a fair, just, reasonable and competitive environment to share, and sometimes dominant party and get a final result was contrary to his initial reason. .

Game theory there is a great anime of game model, called the "game" pigs (Pigs ' payoffs).

The whole story is this: there are two pigs inside the cage, a large, one small. Long cage, one with a pedal, the other end of the feed exports and manger. Each step on what pedal, pedal of the pen away from the other side of feeding port will drop a small amount of food. If there is a pig to pedal, and the other pigs have the opportunity to pre-empt the other side down to eat the food. When the pig pedal, the big pig in the pig went manger just eat all the food before; if moving the pigs foot pedal, then have a chance to finish in the pig before the food went down manger, to eat the other half of war leftovers. .

If a quantitative perspective, step on the pedal, which will be equivalent to 10 units of flow intake trough orchards while taking care of, but once you step on the pedals to crib incur "labor", consumes the equivalent of 2 units of orchards while taking care of.

If the two pigs while pedaling, and then went with the manger to eat, eat pigs 7 units, 3 units pig to eat, less labor-consuming each two units, the net benefit of 5 units of pig, Net proceeds of a pig unit. .

If the pedal, big pig piggy waiting to eat, eat pig then rush in the past, big pig eat six units, removes the labor cost is 2 units NET 4 units, pigs eat into four units.

If the pig pedal, pigs waiting to eat big, big pigs eat nine units, pig eat a flat, less labor-consuming, pig is a net loss of 1 unit. .

If everyone who was waited, results are not to eat. It can be concluded that the only solution is the big pig pedal, pig waiting.

Then, two pigs each strategy to be taken? Answer is: pig will choose the "free rider" strategy, that is so comfortable edge in the manger; the big pig was a little leftovers tirelessly to sweat the pedal and food between slot. .

Because of the small pigs pedal will lose them, not pedal instead eat on food. On, regardless of whether large pig clutch pedal, pedal not always a good choice. On the other hand, makes big pig piggy is not going to the clutch pedal, pedal go than to not step on it, so I had to a strong temptation to.

"Pigs Game" seems to have concluded that the two sides in a fair, just, reasonable and competitive environment to share, and sometimes dominant party and get a final result was contrary to his initial reason. .

The situation in reality everywhere.

For example, a new product just listed, their properties and function of man is not the familiar, if production is not only a small business, there are other more productive and marketing capacity of the enterprise. So there is no need for small business stands out, put a lot of advertising to make their product promotion, as long as the following strategies can be adopted. .

"Clever pig game" tell us who to go to step on the pedal, for the benefit of all, but more is not necessarily much.

"Big Pig" know "pig" has been living a life of doing nothing, while the "pig" know "big pig" is always due to the face or responsibility dictates, will not sit and wait for. .

In reality, many people will only want to pay the minimum price, maximum return, compete only with arms folded piglet. In their day-to-day relationships, some people will become something of a "pig", and others act as thankless "big pig".

With my own eyes the true story of a writer. Open recruitment of two professors at a university, one is to teach economics, one is teaching accounting to learn. Through the layers of selection, the final two people get a chance, let's call it A Professor and Professor B. .

The next step is to let all people want to pass the selection process, but this thing is too realistic.

Accounting professor salary is 5000 yuan / month, while the wage is Professor of Economics at 3,500 yuan / month. A, B both have the same academic background, Professor - Master of Accountancy. Also have experience in teaching economics, A professor of accounting experience in teaching is better than B, Professor. .

In General, A Professor of accountancy as a matter of course for professorship. This is the wise man's innocence, but the reality is not the case.

Professor B market conditions for that, and know that it is currently impossible for new competitors to join. Therefore, in negotiations with the dean, strongly denied the experience of teaching economics, and even said that if we allow him to teach Economics Association is fraught with so that he would rather not have the job. .

While A professor to prove your ability, and start speaking freely, or even talk your economics teaching experience. Things at this point, I guess everyone saw, it is not possible to recruit school, but two professors may just throw their hands down. The final result is Professor won B accounting Professor positions, while A Professor had the second best, Professor of economics.

In our enterprise, are short of everything that is not a lack of people, so every time regardless of how things were always better overtime. Had one thing can be done, always will arrange a number of individuals do. At this time, "three boys" phenomenon emerged. .

If everyone consumed there, who did not move, the results of the work is finished, the boss. These perennial work together for many years, on the other comrades-in-practice rules. "Big pig" know "something" has been lived in for quick and easy life, but the "pig" in the know "big pig" is always due to the face or a sense of responsibility, does not sit and wait for it.

Therefore, the result is that there is always some "pigs are" sorry, take the initiative to complete the task. The "pig who" travel freely in the side, anyway, the task is completed, get the same prize. .

Clever pig game with a popular words to describe the attack. " A very common phenomenon is in the enterprise, whether private or foreign-owned enterprises or internal association exists a wide variety of small groups. Applied organizational behavior of terminology, there are a variety of informal organizations. Each group represents a part of one's interest, therefore, inevitably conflict.

Then, each group will be elected their spokesman. The spokesperson for the collective interests of the positive action of the leader. However, we then find, was elected spokesmen always the chest without shrewdness, swayed by personal feelings of the people. .

However, groups of beneficiaries "pigs" is always in the background. Activities is successful, they can be hit with priority assigned to a piece of the action; if that fails, they can also be issued a pass has nothing to do with me, I am the victim of such a speech, so that the "big pig" became the victim of forever. From another perspective, how clever pig game for personally was not a bad thing.

In fact, as a rational person, no one wants to take risks and benefits for others. If this is the case, Pig Game can not be formed. Pigs in the game models, we should get rid of the difficulties we all can not survive, we must allow different expectations of both sides, then the phenomenon of one party to make concessions on. In fact, only one concession on the surface appears to be modest up. But he is not without purpose unprincipled concessions, not from moral mind as Kongrongrangli as is, but from their own calculations and the rational expectations estimates. In this way, others appear to give you a.。 This may seem stupid, but it was very wise.

In the Pigs Game, the use of other people's efforts to serve the best interest of their wise men is the biggest beneficiary, because he does not pay what the labor will be able to get what she wants. Therefore, the key is how to make opponents willingly to act according to their own expectations. .

Thus, the Chinese people around attitude — mind, porridge, its outcome in the interests of the matter. Although people just want their behavior on their own, and do not want the benefit of others.

Conversely, "Pigs Game" after all, a prerequisite. In life, whether pre-emptive strike or striking, but a strategy of choice, rather than a fundamental difference of principle. In the end the choice made after the start or in game theory, we should first analyze the situation, according to the principle of minimum risk and maximum benefit, the risk of leaving competitors to benefit from opportunities to take in their own hands. .

All in all, the game contains both first-mover advantage strategy, also has the advantage of later. As regards the specific game is selected first fixed or moving after the game participant parties as may be determined by the specific circumstances.